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Learning
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Operant conditioning | Also known as respondent, it is associated with B.F. Skinner who studied positive and negative reinforcement, positive and negative punishment, as well as fixed or variable, interval or ratio schedules. |
| Classical conditioning | Studies the learned or paired associations of conditioned behavior as well as the naturally triggered responses that may also be unlearned or unconditioned. The work of Pavlov. |
| Negative Reinforcement | Increases behavior by reducing or removing something unwanted or aversive |
| Positive Punishment | Decrease in behavior as a response of the administration of an unwanted or averse stimulus. |
| Negative Punishment | Decrease in behavior prompted by the withdrawal of a desired stimulus or something agreeable. |
| Edward Thorndike | Law of effect. Behaviors maintained by their consequences – like a good outcome are “stamped in,” i.e more likely, while bad consequences are “stamped out,” i.e. less likely. |
| John Garcia | An American psychologist who realized that taste aversions in animals are biologically predisposed and species-specific. |
| Latent learning | Knowledge of learning is there but not shown until there is an incentive to demonstrate it. |
| Edward Tolman | Understood the principles of cognitive maps and latent learning. Cognitive factors do play a role in animal learning. |
| Albert Bandura | An American psychologist who contributed to observational learning and theories of modeling. The monkey-see, monkey-do Bobo doll experiment |
Created by:
LKougemitros
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