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Spine
RAD 221 Procedures
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abnormal lateral curvature | Scoliosis |
| The vertebral body and the arch form a circular opening called the | Vertebral foramen |
| The first primary curve | Thoracic |
| Between each vertebral body | Intervertebral disc |
| Function of the spine | Protects the spinal cord, supports the skull and trunk of the body, transmits weight of trunk through hips to lower limbs |
| Technique to best demonstrate a lateral thoracic spine | Breathing technique, low mA, 3-4 sec exposure, 65-70 kV |
| Distinguishing feature of Thoracic vertebra | Facets for articulation with the ribs |
| Another name for C-1. C-2. | Atlas, Axis |
| Distinguishing feature of C-2 | Dens |
| Extend laterally between the pedicles and the lamina | Transverse processes |
| Formed by the stacked superior and inferior articular processes of the vertebrae | Zygapophyseal joints |
| Formed by the superior and inferior vertebral notches | Intervertebral foramina |
| The superior facets of C-1 articulate with the skull at the: | Atlantooccipital joint |
| Specific to cervical vertebra | Transverse foramina, bifid tips |
| Aligned to best demonstrate the C-1, C-2 joint space | Bottom of top incisors and mastoid tips |
| What passes through the cervical transverse foramina | Vertebral artery, veins, and nerves |
| Best demonstrated on a 45 degree anterior oblique c-spine | Downside intervertebral foramina |
| Name for an upright Swimmers projection | Twining |
| Cervical images routinely done at 72" | Lateral and obliques |
| Performed if the odontoid tip is not visualized on the Open mouth projection | Reverse Waters-Fuchs method |
| Protocol if trauma to the C-spine has occured | Take a lateral C-spine without moving the patient, clear the image with a physician prior to removing the collar, and/or moving the patient |
| Purpose of flexion and extension lateral C-spine views | To demonstrate range of motion |
| View that best demonstrates the C-1, C-2 Zygapophyseal joint | Open Mouth Odontoid |
| Fx of a vertebral body with comminuted fragments into the spinal canal | Teardrop burst fx |
| Comminuted fx caused by abrupt landing on the head or feet causing the anterior and posterior arches of C-1 to splinter | Jefferson's fx |
| A vertebral body will appear to have jumped over the one below it | Bilateral subluxation |
| Demonstrated on a lateral C-spine | Zygapophyseal joints, all 7 cervical vertebra |
| C-spine projections done at erect (non-trauma) at 72" | Lat and obliques |
| Portion of the rib that articulates with the transverse process of the Thoracic vertebrae | Tubercle |
| Largest thoracic vertebra | T-12 |
| Another name for the Thoracic spine | Dorsal spine |
| The CR for the AP T-spine is directed to | 3-4" below the jugular notch and the the MSP |
| Two methods to even out the density of the thoracic vertebra on the AP | Utilize anode heel by putting the thicker part under the cathode, and exposing on expiration |
| Best demonstrated on a lateral T-spine | Intervertebral Foramina |
| To reduce scatter on a latter T-spine we should | Place a lead shield behind the patient, collimate |
| What technique/breathing instructions are ideal for a lateral T-spine | Shallow breathing, long exposure time, low mA, low kV |
| What may be required to demonstrate the upper thoracic vertebrae in the lateral position | Swimmers |
| Loss of bone mass | Osteoporosis |
| Exaggerated lateral curvature of the spine | Scoliosis |
| Radiologic examination of the CNS structures situated within the vertebral canal | Myelography |
| Level of the spine the myelogram injection is made | L-2, L-3 or L-3, L-4. Below the level of the spinal cord proper |
| A myelogram may be performed to demonstrate: | Compression caused by a herniated disk, bone fragments, tumors, or cord swelling from traumatic injury |
| Area the spinal needle is introduced to inject the contrast material during a myelogram | Subarachnoid space |
| Contraindications to non-ionic contrast include: | Previous reaction, renal failure, pregnancy. |
| Position of the head/neck during the myelogram | Hyperextended so contrast does not enter the brain |
| Room prep for myelogram | Clean equipment, Lock image intensifier, remove lead drape, attach footboard and shoulder support, prepare tray |
| Post myelogram overhead images | C-spine; PA, Swimmers. XTL L-Spine: PA, XTL |
| Demonstrates the Intervertebral foramina of the lumbar spine | Lateral |
| The eye of the "Scotty Dog" corresponds to the: | Pedicle |
| The neck or collar of the "Scotty Dog" corresponds to the: | Pars Interarticularis |
| The ear of the "Scotty Dog" corresponds to the: | Superior articular process |
| An RPO lumbar spine best demonstrates: | The right zygaphophyseal joints |
| The angle for an AP sacrum is: AP SI Joints? | 15 cephalad, 30-35 cephalad |
| The sacrum in the infant has _____ segments | 5 |
| The apex of the sacrum and coccyx, is superior or inferior | The apex is at the inferior |
| Inflammatory arthritis that causes spine to become rigid and intervertebral joints to fuse | Ankylosing spondylitis |
| Forward movement of one vertebral over the one below it due to a defect in the pars interarticularis | Spondylolisthesis |
| To screen for scoliosis the patient position should be | PA, barefoot, with weight evenly distributed, shielded |
| The degree of obliquity and CR location for an LPO of the SI joints | 25-30 degree oblique, 1" medial to the right SI joint |
| True or False: Joint pain and bone weakness are symptoms of osteoporosis | False, osteoporosis is asymptomatic |
| The DXA or DEXA routinely scans which two areas of the body | L-spine and both hips |
| Age DEXA screening is generally recommended to begin | 65 |
| Purpose of bending knees for spine imaging | To reduce the normal lumbar lordosis and put the spine in contact with the IR |
| Score compares patients bone density with an average person of the same sex and age | Z score |
| Number that indicates normal bone density | T score greater than -1 |
| Number that indicates osteoporois | T score below -2.5 |
Created by:
EHodgis
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