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Psychology
SEMESTER 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Motives | Specific needs arouses organism and directs its behavior towards a goal |
| Instincts | a complex, unlearned behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species |
| Drive Reduction Theory | the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need |
| Homestasis | the body's ability to maintain a total equilibrium and balance |
| Primary Drives | unlearned biological needs. |
| Secondary Drives | learned needs (wealth) |
| Incentives | a +/- environmental stimulus that motivates behavior |
| Optimal Arousal Theory | some motivated behaviors increases arousal |
| Yerkes-Dodson Law | the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases |
| Moslow's Hierarchy of Needs | Physiology, Safety, Belonging, Esteem, Self-Actualization, Ranking bottom-top respectively |
| Self-Actualization | individually created with unique meaning to fulfill their own potential |
| Lateral Hypothalamus | Responsible for signaling hunger internally in the Hypothalamus |
| Ventromedical Hypothalamus | Responsible for signaling to don't eat (satiated) internally in the Hypothalamus |
| Glucostatic Hypothesis | Glucose Level low in blood, then intestines and livers will motivate eating |
| Lipostatic Hyoptehsis | Leptin Level low in blood, then body will signal to eat |
| Osmoreceptors | intracellular water levels |
| Volumetric Receptors | extracellular water levels |
| Antidiuretic Hormone | reduce urine and increase thirst |
| Angiotension | stimulates thirst |
| Obesity | 30% over body weight |
| Sexual Motivation | The normal human interest in sexual objects and activities |
| Sexual Response Cycle | the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson- Excitement, Plateau, Orgasm, Resolution |
| Sexual Dysfunctions | a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning |
| Affiliation Motive | The need to associate with others and maintain social needs |
| Homeostatic Regulation Theory | Most motivation we experience is a result of body trying to maintain balance |
| Stimulus Motives | unlearned; prompt us to explore and change our world around us |
| Achievement Motive | the need to excel, overcome obstacles; 3 aspects: Work, Mastery, and Competitveness |
| Emotion | a response of the whole organism: physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, conscious experience |
| Opponent Process Theory | emotions tend to come in pairs followed by it's opposite |
| Robert Plutchik | eight basic emotions, vary in intensity, can combine for more and help us adjust to the demands of the environment |
| James-Lange Theory | the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli |
| Cannon-Bard Theory | the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and subjective experience of emotion |
| Schachter-Singe Two-factor Theory | experience of emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal |
| Zajonc Theory | we experience reactions before even analyzing the situation |
| Lazarus Theory | emotion responses does not require thinking |
| Facial Feedback Theory | the tendency of facial muscles states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger or happiness |
| Stress | the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging |
| Stressors | things that push our buttons and fall into 3 types: catastrophes, significant life changes, and daily hassles |
| Transient | stress that comes and goes, temporary |
| Chronic | stress that typically stays throughout our life |
| Fight or Flight | an adaptive response to either "run away" or confront the stressor. the SNS is responsible for this response |
| GAS | Selye's concept of body's adaptive response to stress in 3 phases: Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion |
| Alarm (GAS) | SNS is suddenly activated, blood is diverted into skeletal muscles |
| Resistance (GAS) | temperature, blood pressure, and respiration remain high. Adrenal Glands send hormones in bloodstream |
| Exhaustion (GAS) | become more vulnerable to illness or even in extreme cases, collapse and death |
| Approach-Approach Conflict | 2 decision each has positive outcomes (where to eat) |
| Approach- Avoidance Conflict | want to do something but fear at the same time (asking out a girl to prom) |
| Avoidance- Avoidance Conflict | 2 decisions each has negative outcomes (pick your poison) |
| Multiple Approach- Avoidance Conflict | Each decision has positive and negative Aspects |
| Psychophysiological Illness | literally "mind-body" illness ; any stress |
| Type A | competitiveness, aggressive |
| Type B | Relaxed, Laidback |
Created by:
isaacham
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