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Chemical Bond
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Covalent Bonding
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Chapter 6 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemical Bond | a mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that bind atoms together |
| Covalent Bonding | results from sharing of electron pairs between two atoms |
| Ionic Bonding | chemical bonding that results from the electrical attraction between large number of cations and anions |
| Non-polar Covalent Bond | a covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms, resulting in a balanced distribution of electrical charge |
| Polar | uneven distribution of charge |
| Polar-Covalent Bond | a covalent bond in which the bonded atoms have an unequal attractions for the shared electrons |
| Bond Energy | the energy required to break a chemical bond and form neutral isolated atoms |
| Bond Length | the distance between two bonded atoms at their minimum potential energy, that is, the average distance between two bonded atoms |
| Chemical Formula | indicates the relative numbers of atoms of each kind in a chemical compound by using atomic symbols and numerical subscripts |
| Diatomic Model | a molecule containing only tow atoms |
| Double Bond | a covalent bond produced by the sharing of two pairs of electrons between two atoms |
| Electron-Dot Notation | an electron configuration notation in which only the valence electrons of an atom of a particular element are shown, indicated by dots placed around the system's element |
| Lewis Structure | formulas in which atomic symbols represent nuclei and inner-shell electrons, dot-pairs or dashes between two atomic symbols represent electron pairs in covalent bonds, and dots adjacent to only one atomic symbol represent unshared electrons |
| Lone Pair(Unshared Pair) | a pair of electrons that is not involved in bonding and that belongs exclusively to one atom |
| Molecular Compound | a chemical compound whose simplest units are molecules |
| Molecular Formula | shows the types and numbers of atoms combined in a single molecule of molecular compound |
| Molecule | a neutral group of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds |
| Multiple bond | double and triple bonds |
| Octet rule | chemical compounds tend to form so that each atom, by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons, has an octet of electrons in its highest occupied energy level |
| Resonance | refers to bonding molecules or ions that cannot be correctly represented by a single Lewis Structure |
| Single Bond | a covalent bond produced by the sharing of one pair of electrons between two atoms |
| Structural Formula | indicates the kind, number, arrangement, and bonds but not the unshared pairs of atoms in a molecule |
| Triple Bond | a covalent bond produced by the sharing of three pairs of electrons between two atoms |
| Formula Unit | the simplest collection of atoms where an ionic compound's formula can be established |
| Ionic Compound | composed of positive and negative ions that are combined so that the numbers of negative and positive charges are equal |
| Lattice Energy | the energy released when one mole of an ionic crystalline compound is formed from gaseous ions |
| Polyatomic Ion | a charged group of covalently bonded atoms |
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DaniRaine
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