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Introduction pharm
pharmacology 445
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| define pharmacology (1) | the effect of drugs on the body and the effect of the body on drugs |
| define pharmacokinetics (1) | the rate of a drug the be absorbed, distributed, metabolized and wasted |
| define pharmacodynamics (1) | the study of the mechanism by which the drug produces a therapeutic effect |
| what is the chemical name of a drug? (1) | ex. 1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octhydro......... |
| what is the generic name of a drug? (1) | known the the nonpropietary name (acetaminophen, ibprofen, diazepam) |
| What is a generic drug?(1) | the bioequivalece of a drug, but is produced by another company after the original patent expire. Generally cheaper. |
| What is the trade name of a drug?(1) | This refers to the entire product whcih may include other chemical additives. Patent last for 20 years (tylenol p.m.) |
| Generic name drugs can be: (1) | less expensive, FDA approved, bioequivalent to trade name, refers to one chemical entity, marketed by one or more companies. |
| 5 classifications of drugs:(1) | 1.Otc (#) 2.prescription 3.controlled substances (scheduled) 4.therapeutic effects 5.chemical make-up |
| Examples of therapeutic classifications:(1) | 1. analgesics- NSAIDs, Opiods 2.antibiotics- tetracyclines, penicillin 3.anti-inflammitory- NSAIDs, corticosterioids |
| nonprescription drugs (1) | 1.referred to as OTC 2. do not require prescription 3. lower amount of drug per dosage compared to prescription4.often contain multiple active ingredients |
| Federal Pure Food and Drug Act (1) | 1906, prohibited adulteration and misbranding of meds (accurate labels) |
| Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (1) | 1938, required that the safety of new drugs be reviewed and approved by the FDA |
| Schedules I-III (1) | I: heroin, LSD, THC, MescalineII:codeine, morphine, percocet (high abuse, medical use)III:anabolic steroids, codeine with Acet. (low abuse, medical use) |
| Schedule IV and V (1) | IV: xanax, valium, ativan, luminalV: Robitussin A-C, Kaopectolin PG(with opium) |
| Site of action:(2) | molecular site where chemical interraction causes biological effect |
| Onset of Action:(2) | the time it takes for the concentration of drug molecules at the site of action to become large enough tp cause noticable biological response |
| Half-Life:(2) | time it takes for half the drug in the blood to be reduced by one-half |
| What two mechanisms "clear: the body of drugs?(2) | metabolism and excretion |
| Drugs having longer half-life have longer _____?(2) | duration |
| Clearance rate:(2) | the measure of the efficiency of metabolism and excretion. |
| Bioavailability:(2) | Once the drug reaches the blood stream accessing the systemic circulatin, it has a chance to reach the site of action, becoming bioavailable |
| Bioavailability is determined by what two factors? (2) | 1. Amount of drug absorbed2. Rate of absorbtion |
| What affects bioavailability?(2) | 1. Method of administration2. GI absorbtion3. Liver metabolism ("first pass effect") |
| Volume of Distribution:(2) | The apparent space in the body that is available to the drug |
| Formulation: (2) | Refers to the total contents of the dosage form (active and inert ingredients) and type of dosage for (table, capsule) |
| Bioevuivalence:(2) | A comparison of the amount and rate of drug entering the general circulation for two or more similar formulation of the same drug. |
| Bioevquivalance proves:(2) | That the generic drug = the trade name drug |
| Which drugs have a larger volume of distribution?(2) | Drugs that distribute into adipose tissue, bind to muscle or bind to plasma protien |
| Volume of distribution is affected by : (2) | weight, surface area and protien binding |
| Types of drug administration:(2) | 1. Oral- table, capsule, elixirs 2. Sublingual- nitroglycerin 3. Rectal- suppositories 4. Parenteral- Intravenous, Intramuscular, Subcutaneous 5. Inhalation- rapid absorbtion rate, bronchodialators 6. Topical- ointments, Anti-inflammation |
Created by:
cwc2447
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