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TOP 200 antibiotics
group a
| Brand | Generic | MOA | Dose and Frequency | Indication | Adverse Effects | Patient Consultation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Keflex | Cephalexin Monohydrate | acylation of transpeptidase inhibiting bacterial cell wall, happens in 3rd and final stage due to similarity to D-ala-D-alanine 70% leaves as unchanged drug in urine | 250mg to 1gram q6h | infections from: streptococci, staphylococci, E. coli, P. mirabilis, Klebsiella species, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis | Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Hives, Itching, Rash | prefer take on empty stomach w/ full glass of water, take at even intervals around the clock, take till gone unless ud, discard unused portion, shake if suspension, cool/dry place, take asap if missed dose, contact dr if severe effects |
| Cipro, Cipro XR | ciprofloxacin HCL | Fluoroquinolone antibiotic prevents synthesis of DNA by inhibiting enzyme DNA gyrase | 250 to 500mg q12h | infectious diarrhea caused by e. coli, c.jejuni, s. flexneri, or s. sonnei also: UTI | nausea, rash, diarrhea, sun sensitivity and dizziness | cool/dry place, avoid sun exposure, take dose if missed asap(dont double),w/full glass of water, discontinue if bad side effect or rash develops, no antacids, may cause Dizzy or light-headedness, calcium,zinc,or iron, do not crush chew or split XR tabs |
| Vibramycin and Vibra-Tabs | Doxycycline Hyclate | tetracycline antibiotic binds to 30s subunit of ribosome preventing protein synthesis | 100mg q12h | infections from g-/g+ mycoplasma pneumoniae actinomycetes and rickkettsiae | dizziness,vertigo,nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, | may affect BC, take on empty stomach w/water, can take with food or milk of stomach upset, take at intervals, take till gone unless directed otherwise, shake if suspension, avoid sunlight, take dose if missed asap, contact physician if severe sideeffects |
| Diflucan | fluconazole | selective inhibitor of fungal cytochrome P-450 sterol C-14 alpha-demethylation. causes accumulation of alpha-sterols in fungi and may be responsible for fungistatic activity | 150mg as single dose | treat vaginal candidiasis | nausea, headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, dyspepsia and taste perversion | reconstitute prior to dispensing, cool/dry place, shake if suspension, if dose missed, take ASAP, don't double, contact physician if rash develops |
| Levaquin | Levofloxacin | fluoroquinolone which exerts its antibacterial actions by preventing the synthesis of DNA by inhibiting DNA gyrase | 500mg q24h for 7days | community-acquired pneumonia; acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, acute sinusitis, skin and skin structure infections; complicated UTI; acute pyelonephritis | nausea, diarrhea, headache, constipation, taste perversion | cool/dry, do not double dose, if missed take asap, contact physician if severe SE, discontinue if rash or pain, inflammation or rupture of a tendon, take til gone, full glass of water, not with antacids, avoid sunlight, use caution if diabetic/BCG monitor |
| Avelox | Moxifloxacin HCL | inhibits DNA synthesis by binding DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. | 400mg daily for 5days | acute sinusitis from streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae or Moraxella catarrhalis; Also used for: acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis | nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, antacids, sucralfate and iron products reduce teh absorption of moxifloxacin, NSAIDS may lower seizure thresholds and cause convulsions, monitor if theophylline and warfarin | if dose is missed take ASAP, don't double, avoid sunlight, d/c if rash pain or rupture of tendon, take til gone with full glass of water, w/wo meals, not with antacids, sucralfate, metal cations iron or zinc w/in 2hrs, may cause dizziness/lightheadedness |
| Veetids, Pen-Vee K, V-cillin | Penicillin V Potassium | inhibition of cell wall synthesis via acylation of transpeptidase enzyme, similar to D-alanyl-D-alanine, is target of beta-lactamase producing bacteria | 125mg to 500mg q6t8h for 5-10days | infections from streptococci, pneumococci, staphylococci | nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, HIVES, itching, and RASH | empty stomach, 1hr before 2hrs after meal w/water, take at intervals, take til gone, shake if solution, keep refrigerated, cool/dry place, take dose if missed, contact physicial if severe SE |
| Bactrim, Septra | Sulfamethoxazole with Trimethoprim | trimethoprim blocks tetrahydrofolic acid by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. Sulfamethoxazole inhibits synthesis of dihydrofolic acid by competitive antagonism of PABA para-aminobenzoid acid | 160mg trimethoprim/800 sulfamethoxazole q12h for 10-14days | UTI from e. coli, klebsiella enterobacter, p mirabilis, p vulgaris and p morganii and shigellosis due to susceptible strains of s. flexneri or s sonnei and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in adults | sensitivity to sunlight, stevens-johnson syndrome, nausea, vomiting, DIARRHEA, dizziness, anorexia and RASH | take on empty stomach w/water, take til gone, avoid sunlight, shake if suspension, cool/dry storage, take dose if missed asap, contact dr if severe SE |
| Valtrex | Valacyclovir HCL | valacyclovir is rapidly converted to acyclovir by intestinal or hepatic metabolism, synthetic purine nucleotide inhibits HS-1 and 2,epstein-barr. triphosphate form inibits viral DNA polymerase, put into chain and chain is terminated. | 1gram twice daily for 10 days | treatment of genital herpes, also used for herpes zoster(shingles) and cold sores | nausea, vomiting, headache, and abdominal pain | avoid sexual intercourse, notify dr if frequency and severity of recurrences do not improve or patient becomes pregnant, drink lots of water, cool/dry/no sun for storage, don't double doses, take ASAP if missed, contact dr if severe SE |
| Zithromax; Zmax | Azithromycin Dihydrate | Macrolide antibiotic binds 50S ribosomal subunit suppressing protein synthesis | 500mg day one, 250mg day2-5 | mild to moderate infections of upper and lower respiratory tract and skin and skin structures caused by influenzae, catarrhalis, pneumoniae, pyogenes, aureus, agalactiae | Nelfinavir doubles concentration in serum, food decreases absorbtion, antacids slow absorption. Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting | take w/ or w/o food, do not take antacids within 1 hour, store in cool/dry place, report severe diarrhea to physician, shake well if suspension, take dose if missed ASAP |
| Omnicef | Cefdinir | Cephalosporin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis via acylation of transpeptidase enzyme which occurs in 3rd stage of wall synthesis | 600mg daily in one or 2 doses | infections by strains of staph. aureus, staph. pneumoniae, steppyogenes, H.influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, catarrhalis, staph. epidermidis, strep. agalactiae , citrobacter diversus, e.coli, k. pneumoniae, p. mirabilis | Diarrhea, vaginal moniliasis, nausea, headache, abdominal pain | store cool/dry place. shake suspension well before using, do not take antacids or iron supplements within 2 hours of each dose. discard unused suspension after 10days of mixing, call physician if bad diarrhea, compelte course and take dose if missed ASAP |
Created by:
ericsesh40
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