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PSYCH
Test 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Primary Tastes | sweet, sour, salty, bitter, brothy (umami) |
| Retinal (binocular) disparity | images from the 2 eyes differ |
| sensory adaption | sensory receptors less responsive to constant stimuli (biological) example: bandaid |
| senses | vision: sight audition: hearing olfaction: smell gustation: taste tactition: touch |
| skin senses | touch pressure (only skin sense that has identifiable receptors) temperature pain |
| tympanic membrane | eardrum |
| inattentional blindness | invisible gorrila |
| inner rear | (AKA oval window) inner most part of the vertebrate ear; responsible for sound detection and balance |
| interposition | the assumption that an object that is blocking another object is in front of the second object and closer to the viewer |
| kinesthetic sense | the awarness of where body parts such as the legs arms, etc are located in relation to each other and the ground |
| linear perspective | A cue to depth based on the convergence of parallel lines in two-dimensional representations; Linear perspective is the tendency for parallel lines to appear to converge on each other. |
| macula | small sensitive area of the retina that gives central vision; located in the center of the retina and contains the fovea |
| middle ear | transmits sounds from the outer ear to the inner ear; consists of 3 bones: hammer, anvil, stirrup |
| motion parallax | perception of objects in which close objects appear to move faster than far away objects |
| outer ear | consists of the pinna, auricle and the ear canal |
| perceptual set | perceptual expectancy - the tendency to perceive things a certain way because previous experiences or expectations influence those perceptions |
| phi phenomenon | lights turned on in a sequence appear to move |
| from perception | organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground) |
| fovea | central point in the retina around which the eye's cones cluster; gives sharpest vision |
| Gestalt Laws/Principles (GL) | based on the idea that people have a natural tendency to force patters onto whatever they see |
| (GL) Figure-ground | perceive objects or figures as existing on some background |
| (GL) Proximity | perceive objects that are close to one another as part of the same group |
| (GL) similarity | perceive things that look similar as being part of the same group |
| (GL) closure | tendency to complete figures that are incomplete |
| (GL) continuity | perceive things as simply as possible with a continuous pattern rather than with a complex, broken-up pattern |
| (GL) contiguity | perceive 2 things that happen close together in time as being related (cause and effect) |
| (GL) common region | perceive objects that are in a common area/region as being in a group |
| myelin sheath | coat the axons of neurons to insulate, protect and speed up neural impulse |
| axon | carries neural messages from the cell body to the axon terminals; attached to the cell body (soma) |
| dendrites | "tree like" or "branch" receive messages from other cells; attached to the cell body (soma) |
| motor neurons | carry messages from CNS to the voluntary or skeletal muscles - movement |
| interneurons | transmits impulses between other neurons - reflex arc |
| sensory neurons | carry signals from receptors to spinal cord and brain |
| auditory nerve | bundle of axons from the hair cells in the inner ear |
| brightness constancy | tendency to perceive objects as as certain level of brightness, even when the light changes |
| prosopagnosia | face blindness |
| synesthesia | tasting words |
| choice blindness | jam experiment |
| convergence | the closer an object the more inward our eyes need to turn to focus; the farther our eyes converge the closer an object appears to be |
| neurotransmitters | chemiccal found in the synaptic vesicles that, when released, has an effect on the next cell. examples: acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, gaba |
| acetylcholine | stimulates the skeletal muscles to contact but slows cotractions in the heart muscle; blocked receptor sites: muscle paralysis; too much: convulsions/death (ex. spider bite) |
| dopamine | too little in certain area of brain: parkinsons disease too much: schizophrenia |
| serotonin | lower part of brain; low levels: depression, associated with sleep, mood, anxiety, appetite |
| glutamate | learning/memory/development of nervous system and in synaptic plasticity too much: over activation & neuronal damage, cell death after stroke, head injury or in degenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Huntington's) |
| gaba | aminobutyric acid; calms anxiety, alcohol enhances GABA - makes you drunk |
| Pineas Gage | iron rod through left cheekbone and out of the top of his head; the role of the frontal cortex in social cognition and decision making was recognized; frontal cortex involved in personality and behavior |
| synapse | fluid-filled space between the axon and dendrite |
| reuptake | process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicles |
| pituitary glad | (master gland) located in the brain; secretes human growth hormone and influences all other hormone-secreting glands |
| hormones | chemicals released into the bloodstream by the endocrine system |
| nervous system | an extensive network of specialized cells that carries information to and from all parts of the body |
| CNS | brain and spinal cord |
| PNS | all nerves and neurons that are not contained in the brain and spinal cord but that run through the body itself; sympathetic (flight or flight, stressful events) parasympathetic (restores body to normal; day to day functioning of organs and glands) |
Created by:
amb5683
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