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Rad Bio Midterm 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are organic compounds? | Compounds which contain carbon |
| How much of the cell is made up by proteins? | 15% |
| What makes up proteins? | Amino acids, of which there are 22 different kinds |
| What purpose do proteins serve? | Two main categories are STRUCTURAL or ENZYMATIC. However, they may also function as hormones or antibodies under certain circumstances |
| What purpose do repair enzymes serve? | They can fix cells exposed to small amounts of radiation |
| What are hormones? What do they do? | They're organic chemical secretions (from the endocrine gland) which regulate body functions such as growth |
| What purpose do antibodies serve? | Part of immume responde, they're produced by B-lymphocytes when foreign bodies (antigens) are detected by T-lymphocytes |
| What's another name for carbs? How much of cell do they may up? What do they do? | Saccharides. 1% of cell. Provide fuel for metabolism (primarily glucose) |
| How much of the cell do lipids/fats make up? What are their purposes? | 2%. Involved in long term energy storage, insulation, organ protection, joint lubrication, and digestion assistance |
| What is the basic unit of hereditary? | Genes (finite sections of DNA containing specific segments of information) |
| How much of the human body is water? | 80%. |
| Why is water so important? | Within cell: acts as a solvent, site of metabolic activity. Outside cell: transports materials, maintains core temperature, lubricates digestive tract and skeletal articulations, and creayes protective cushion around the brain and lungs |
| What are the next 3 most important inorganic cell components after water? | Salts/electrolytes, acids, bases |
| What is the cell membrane composed of? | Lipids and proteins |
| What is anabolism? | The metabolic function of "building up" |
| What is catabolism? | The metabolic function of "breaking down" |
| Is the cell membrane permeable, semi-permeable, or impermeable? | Semi-permeable |
| What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)? | Rough/granular, and smooth/agranular |
| What does the rough ER do? | Synthesizes proteins with the help of ribosomes |
| What does the smooth ER do? | Synthesizes non-protein products without ribosomes |
| Where is the Golgi apparatus? | Near the nucleus |
| What does the Golgi apparatus do? | Synthesizes carbs; packages and transports hormones and enzymes |
| What do mitochondria do? | Oxidize carbs, lipids, and proteins to synthesize ATP (energy) |
| What could happen if a lysosome is ruptured? Why? | It could destroy the cell because of leaked digestive enzymes |
| What are ribosomes? | The actual site of protein synthesis |
| What separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell? What's it full of? | The nuclear envelope, which is full of nucleoplasm |
| What is the nucleolus? | Small rounded body within nucleus which manufactures and contains RNA, controls cell division, and supervises/coordinates cytoplasmic activities |
| What is mitosis? | The division of somatic cells into two genetically identical 2n daughter cells |
| What is meiosis? | The division of germ cells into four genetically unique 1n granddaughter cells (undergoes two reductive divisions) |
Created by:
Ewood61
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