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psych U7M35
solving problems and decision making
Question | Answer |
---|---|
algorithms | a methodical rule that guarantees solving a problem |
hueristics | a simple thinking strategy that we use to make judgements and solve problems |
difference between algorithms and hueristics | in unscrambling a word, an algorithm would try to put each letter in each of the positions--would could take hundred thousands of tries. a hueristic would use common sense--these 2 words usually go together |
difference reduction | |
means-end analysis | |
insight | sudden realization of a problem's solution (contrast w/strategic solutions) |
incubation | |
confirmation bias | tendency to find info that supports your preconceptions and ignore contradictory evidence |
ex of confirmation of bias | when your belief is supported by a source, it is deemed as "valuable and knowledgeable". when it is contradicted it is called "lying" |
mental set | the tendency to approach a problem with the mindset of what worked before |
function fixedness | |
availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on our preconception of availbility |
representative hueristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to match our prototypes. Leads us to ignore logical info |
ex of availability hueristic | ppl not concerned about global warming bec it is not vivid in our memories (60-85 weather is common); global warming is far away |
belief perservereance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after they have been discredited |
framing | the way an issue is presented |
ex of framing | calling a carbon tax "carbon offset" instead of the straightforward "carbon tax" |
define intuition | the ability to understand something immediately without the need for conscious reasoning |
how do smart thinkers use intuition? |