click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
psych U7M35
solving problems and decision making
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| algorithms | a methodical rule that guarantees solving a problem |
| hueristics | a simple thinking strategy that we use to make judgements and solve problems |
| difference between algorithms and hueristics | in unscrambling a word, an algorithm would try to put each letter in each of the positions--would could take hundred thousands of tries. a hueristic would use common sense--these 2 words usually go together |
| difference reduction | |
| means-end analysis | |
| insight | sudden realization of a problem's solution (contrast w/strategic solutions) |
| incubation | |
| confirmation bias | tendency to find info that supports your preconceptions and ignore contradictory evidence |
| ex of confirmation of bias | when your belief is supported by a source, it is deemed as "valuable and knowledgeable". when it is contradicted it is called "lying" |
| mental set | the tendency to approach a problem with the mindset of what worked before |
| function fixedness | |
| availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on our preconception of availbility |
| representative hueristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to match our prototypes. Leads us to ignore logical info |
| ex of availability hueristic | ppl not concerned about global warming bec it is not vivid in our memories (60-85 weather is common); global warming is far away |
| belief perservereance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after they have been discredited |
| framing | the way an issue is presented |
| ex of framing | calling a carbon tax "carbon offset" instead of the straightforward "carbon tax" |
| define intuition | the ability to understand something immediately without the need for conscious reasoning |
| how do smart thinkers use intuition? |