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PSYC 3361
Exam 3 Terms (Ch 6, 7, 8)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Psychoanalysis | The study of the dynamics of the mind developed by Sigmund Freud |
| Analytical Psychology | The study of the personal and collective unconscious developed by Carl Jung |
| Unconscious | The part of the mind outside of conscious awareness |
| Conscious | The part of the mind within our usual awareness |
| Transference | The way the client perceives the therapist |
| Free Association | A psychoanalytic technique involving saying whatever comes into your head |
| Pleasure Principle | The driving force of the unconscious that wants whatever brings pleasure |
| Reality Principle | The goals of the conscious mind, which finds what works in reality |
| Structural Model | Sigmund Freud’s model of the mind with three parts: the id (or “it”), the ego (or “I”), and the super-ego (or “above I”) |
| Cathexis | The attachment of libido to thoughts, objects, or parts of the body |
| Collective Unconscious | Carl Jung’s term for the unconscious archetypes shared by all humans |
| Archetypes | Unconscious psychic structures shared by all people |
| Self | The archetype at the center of the collective unconscious |
| Synchronicity | An acausal connecting principle in which things go together but are not causally linked |
| Moving Toward | Connecting with others as a way of dealing with anxiety |
| Moving Against | Gaining control in a competitive world through exploitativeness and aggressiveness |
| Moving Away | Trying to find peace by avoiding others and escaping conflict |
| Object Relations Theory | A model for understanding individuals by examining how they think about other people |
| Goals | Specific outcomes people desire |
| Motives | The psychological entities that drive us to behave in ways that will help us meet our goals |
| Needs | Something that is necessary to survive or thrive |
| Humanistic Psychology | A branch of psychology focused on the “whole person,” including free will, creativity, and human potential |
| Self-Actualization | The need to actualize or “make actual” your unique talents and abilities |
| Implicit Motives | Unconscious motivations, usually measured with projective tests |
| Projective Measures | Indirect measures |
| Self-Determination Theory | Argues that three needs – autonomy, competence, and relatedness – can explain much of human behavior |
| Intrinsic Goals | Personal growth, affiliation, and community feeling |
| Mindfulness | Being aware of your thoughts and feelings without becoming attached to them |
| Meaning in Life | Having a purpose and putting time and energy into attaining important goals |
| Behaviorism | A branch of psychology that focuses on (relatively) simple explanations for outward behavior and is unconcerned with the inner workings of the mind |
| Operant Conditioning | Shaping behavior through rewards and punishments |
| Shaping | Gradual training that rewards behavior progressively closer to the desired one |
| Reinforcement Schedule | Giving out rewards for good behavior at certain intervals |
| Socialization | How children learn to become mature members of society; also known as acculturation |
| Social Learning | Observational learning that occurs when someone watches others get rewarded or punished for behavior |
| Reciprocal Determinism | The idea that people choose the environments they enter and then change them |
| Expectancies | What someone expects to happen, based on past experiences of what was rewarding |
| External Locus of Control | Believing that events are more a matter of luck and the arbitrary decisions of powerful people |
| Classical Conditioning | Associating two things not normally associated with each other |
| Conditioned Response | The response produced by the conditioned stimulus after classical conditioning (e.g., salivation following the sound of the bell) |
| Generalization | When a conditioned response is elicited in response to things similar to the conditioned stimulus |
| Discrimination | Narrowing the conditions that produce the conditioned response |
| Habituation | Getting used to something in the environment and not responding as strongly anymore |
| Systematic Desensitization | A treatment for phobias that attempts to reduce fear in many small steps by associating the feared thing with calmness |
Created by:
llauhoff
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