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Module 52
The Psychological Therapies
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| psychotherapy | an interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties or wants to achieve personal growth |
| biomedical therapy | the use of prescribed medications or medical procedures that act on a person's physiology to treat psychological disorders |
| eclectic approach | therapists are no locked into one form of psychotherapy, but draw on whatever combination seems best suited to a client's problems |
| psychoanalysis | the therapy developed by Sigmund Freud, attempts to give clients self-insight by bringing into awareness and interpreting previously repressed feelings |
| resistance | the psychoanalytic term for the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden memories (could be shown by hesitation during free association) |
| interpretation | the psychoanalytic term for the analyst's helping the patient to understand resistances and other aspects of behavior, so that the patient may gain deeper insights |
| transference | the psychoanalytic term for a patient's redirecting to the analyst emotions from other relationships |
| psychodynamic therapy | seeks to enhance patients' self-insight into their symptoms by focusing on childhood experiences and important relationships in addition to unconscious forces |
| insight therapies | such as psychodynamic and humanistic therapies aim to increase the person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses |
| client-centered therapy | a humanistic non-directive therapy developed by Carl Rogers, in which growth and self-awareness are facilitated in an environment that offers genuineness, acceptance, and empathy |
| active listening | a non-directive technique of Rogers' client-centered therapy, in which the listener echoes, restates, and seeks clarification of, but does not interpret, clients' remarks |
| unconditional positive regard | refers to the accepting, nonjudgmental attitude that is the basis of client-centered therapy |
| behavior therapy | applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors |
| counterconditioning | a category of behavior therapy in which new responses are classically conditioned to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors |
| exposure therapies | treat anxiety by exposing people (in imagination or actual situations) to things they normally fear and avoid - includes systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy |
| systematic desensitization | a type of exposure therapy in which a state of relaxation is classically conditioned to a hierarchy of gradually increasing anxiety-provoking stimuli (a form of counterconditioning) |
| virtual reality exposure therapy | progressively exposes people to electronic simulations of feared situations to treat their anxiety |
| aversive conditioning | a form of counterconditioning in which an unpleasant state is associated with an unwanted behavior |
| token economy | an operant conditioning procedure in which desirable behaviors are promoted in people by rewarding them with tokens, or positive reinforcers, which can be exchanged for privileges or treats. |
| cognitive therapy | focuses on teaching people new and more adaptive ways of thinking and acting - based on the idea that our feelings and responses to events are strongly influenced by our cognition |
| rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) | a confrontational cognitive therapy that challenges people's illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions |
| cognitive-behavioral therapy | an integrative therapy that focuses on changing self-defeating thinking (cognitive therapy) and unwanted behaviors (behavior therapy) |
| group therapy | conducted with groups rather than individuals |
| family therapy | views problem behavior as influenced by, or directed at, other members of the individual's family and focuses on relationships and problems among the various members of the family |
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