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Phy Sci Unit C5
States of Matter
Question | Answer |
---|---|
The study of matter | chemistry |
The study of energy | physics |
State of matter with definite shape and volume | solid |
Solids with a regular arrangement of atoms | crystalline |
Solids with no regular arrangement of atoms | amorphous |
State of matter with definite volume but no definite shape | liquid |
State of matter with no definite shape and no definite volume | gas |
A substance that is normally a liquid at room temperature in the gas state | vapor |
The energy of motion | kinetic |
State of matter that has the most energy - Solid, liquid or gas? | gas |
State of matter that is a mix of positive ions and electrons. It exists at very high temperatures | plasma |
State of matter that only exists at near absolute zero when the individual atoms slow down and act like one big blob atom | Bose-Einstein condensate |
Says matter is made of particles in constant motion | kinetic theory of matter |
Use kinetic theory to explain gas particles | They are in constant motion with most energy and fill any container |
Use kinetic theory to explain liquid particles | They are in some motion, but it is limited by their attractive forces. They take the shape of a container but don't fill it |
Use kinetic theory to explain solid particles | They are in place vibrating slightly |
Define phase change | reversible physical change form one state of matter to another |
Energy is absorbed into a system | endothermic |
Energy is released from a system | exothermic |
What changes of phase are endothermic | melting and boiling and sublimation |
What changes of phase are exothermic | condensing and freezing and deposition |
solid --> liquid | melting |
liquid --> solid | freezing |
liquid --> gas | vaporization/evaporation/boiling |
gas --> liquid | condensation |
solid --> gas | sublimation |
gas --> solid | deposition |
What happens to temperature during a change of state? | it stays the same |
What can affect the state of matter a substance is in? | temperature and pressure |
A force over a specific area is the definition of what? | pressure |
Pressure is measured in ____. | pascals (Pa) |
Pressure is measured with ____. | pressure gauge or atmospheric pressure with a barometer |
What can affect the pressure of a gas | volume, temperature and number of particles |
How are volume and temp related | directly proportional (Charles's Law) |
How are volume and pressure related | inversely proportional (Boyle's Law) |
What happens to the amount of heat during the melting process? | Heat is added |
What happens to the amount of heat during the condensation process? | Heat is removed |
law that states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of a gas increases as its pressure decreases | Boyle's Law |
law that states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of a gas increases as its temperature increases | Charles's Law |
What is boiling? | When vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to atmospheric pressure |
As temperature increases, what happens to the volume of a gas? | It increases (Charles's Law - directly proportional) |
As pressure increases, what happens to the volume of a gas? | It decreases (Boyle's Law - inversely proportional) |
Does water always boil at 100 degrees Celsius? | No if you decrease the pressure it can boil at a lower temp, or if you increase the temperature, it can boil at a higher temp. |
Changes of state like boiling or condensing are _____ changes (chemical or physical) | physical |
As the particles of a substance slow down, what happens to it's temperature? | Temperature goes down |
What is 0 on the Kelvin scale called | absolute zero |
How does pressure change with altitude? | Less pressure higher in the atmosphere. Less pressure in the mountains than at the base of the mountain. Less air stacked on top of you. |