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Diag Pro Unit 8
SPC Diagnostic Procedures Exam 4 Unit 8
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Sleep Cycle is broken down to what? | 5 Stages & 2 Divisions |
What is REM sleep? | Rapid Eye Movement sleep |
What is Non-REM sleep? | Non-Rapid Eye Movement sleep |
How often is a new sleep cycle started? | 90min |
Significant of Non-REM sleep? | 1. Occupies 80% of cycle 2. 4 different stages 3. Restorative functions of sleep occur during these stages 4. Hormones released that help the body rebuild and repair |
Significant of REM sleep? | 1. Remaining 20% of cycle 2. Memories & thoughts processed 3. Vivid dreams occur 4. Lose use of limbs during REM 5. Active mind inactive body |
5 stages of sleep cycle? | 1. Transition to sleep 2. Light Sleep 3. Deep Sleep 4. Intense Deep Sleep 5. REM/Dream |
Sleep disorders diagnosed with sleep studies? | 1. Sleep Apnea- Obstructive or Central 2. Excessive daytime sleepiness 3. Periodic movements of sleep 4. Motor episodes of sleep 5. Seizures 6. Insomnia |
Define sleep apnea? | Repeated episodes of complete cessation of airflow for 10 sec. or more? |
What is obstructive apnea? | Caused by closure of upper airway? |
What is central apnea? | Lack of ventilator effort |
How many adults have some degree of sleep apnea? | 2-4% |
Primary cause of OSA is a small/unstable pharyngeal airway due to soft tissue problems caused by? | 1. Obesity 2. Tonsillar hypertrophy 3. Skeletal factors like small or recessed chin |
The OSA patient has what? | The drive to breath but can not due to narrow, obstructed airway |
Severity of OSA includes? | 1. Oxyhemoglobin Desaturation 2. Pulmonary Hypertension 3. Right heart failure 4. excessive daytime sleepiness |
What is overlap syndrome? | When a patient has COPD & OSA |
With overlap syndrome patients usually are what? | Obese w/ history of smoking and moderate to severe nocturnal oxyhemoglobin desaturation |
Overlap syndrome leads to what? | Complications like cardiac arrhythmias & polcythermia |
Components of sleep study? | EEG, EOG, EMG |
Other recorded component's of sleep study? | Respiration, ECG/EKG, Pulse Oximetry, Audio/Video Recording, Strain gauges for chest and ab movements |
Indications for sleep studies? | 1. COPD patients PO2 >55 2. Any patient with PaCO2 >45 3. Any patient with restrictive ventilator impairment 4. Neuromuscular problems w/: Right heart failure, Pulmonary hypertension, polycythermia, insomnia, fatigue, hypersomnia, brady/tachy |
Neurologic disorders for sleep study? | 1. Restless leg syndrome 2. Seizure 3. Parasomnias 4. Nocturnal movements 5. REM behavior disorder |
Therapeutic disorders for sleep study? | 1. CPAP titration 2. Assessment of sleep related interventions |
Sleep-related breathing disorders? | 1. Obstructed/Central sleep apnea 2. Circardian Rhythm disorder 3. Obesity/hypoventilation syndrome 4. Upper airway resistance syndrome |
Contraindications for testing and patient preparation? | 1. Psychotic 2. Demented 3. Fever 4. Intoxicated 5. Heavy Sedation |
The display of events during a sleep study test is called what? | Histogram or Hypnogram |
Behavioral Treatment of Sleep Apnea? | 1. Weight loss 2. No alchohal of drugs 3. Avoid sleep deprivation |
Medical Treatment of Sleep Apnea? | CPAP or BIPAP |
Surgical Treatment of Sleep Apnea? | 1. Surgery to bypass upper airway 2. Surgery to reconstruct the upper airway: Palatal/Maxillofacial/Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (Most Common) |
Adverse Effects of OSA? | 1. Severe Desat 2. Hypertension/Pulmonary Hypertension 3. Ventricular failure/MI 4. Excessive sleepiness 5. Diminished quality of life |