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cv system

Gym instructor

QuestionAnswer
Cardiovascular system consists of heart and blood vessels
heart myocardium - 4 chambered pump made of cardiac muscle
left atrium receives oxygenated blood through pulmonary veins from lungs
right atrium recives de-oxygenated blood from body and tissues via vena cava
left ventricle pumps blood to body and tissues via the aorta (oxygenated)
right ventricle pumps blood to lungs through pulmonary artery (de-oxygenated)
atrioventricular valves biscuspid or mitral (left)/ triscuspid (right) prevent backflow from ventricles to atria
how does blood flow lungs (O2 blood) - pulmonary vein, L atrium, bicuspid valve, L ventricle, aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries - gaseuos exchange - (CO2) capillaries, venules, veins, inf/sup vena cava, R atrium, tricuspid valve, R ventricle, pulmonary ateries, lungs
the cardiac cycle complete heartbeat, consisting of systole and diastole of both atria and ventricles (artia contract while ventricles relax and vice versa)
systole contraction phase
diastole relaxation phase
atrial diastole atria relax and fill with blood
atrial systole atria contract, pushing blood through atrioventricular valves into ventricles
ventricular diastole ventricles relax and fill with blood
ventricular systole full ventricle contracts, forcing blood into aorta and pulmonary arteries and against atrioventricular valves, closing them
what is an ecg electrocardiograph - records electrical changes which occur when the heart contracts.
stroke volume amount of blood ejected from ventricles when they contract (average 70ml healthy adult at rest)
cardiac output stroke volume x heart rate (bpm)
tachycardia fast heart rate (over 100bpm)
bradycardia slow heart rate (under 60bpm)
factors affecting stroke volume pre-load, after-load, contractillity of ventricles
pre-load Increased volume of blood in ventricle (caused by venous pressure),resulting in more forecful contraction and increased stroke volume
after-load blood left in ventricle after contraction determined by arterial pressure and force of contraction.
contractillity of ventricles myocardium reponds to training stimulus like other muscles and will be come stronger leading to more forceful contractions and more blood being pumped per beat
coronary circulation blood supply to heart. myocardium extracts 70-75% of available oxygen (skeletal muscle 25%)
coronary arteries branch off the aorta and pierce myocardium. majority of blood flows during diastolic phase of cardiac cycle
factors affecting coronary supply narrowing of arteries (arterioscleroris -fatty deposits), time spent in diastole, pressure in aorta, blood oxygen carrying capacity (amenia etc)
factors affecting coronary demand heart rate, myocardial mass, contractillity, ventricular wall tension (pre/after-load)
myocardial ischemia inadequate blood/oxygen supply to coronary arteries (resulting in chest pains - angina)
myocardial infarction complete lack of blood and oxygen to myocardium (heart attack)
arteries thick muscular elastic walls to handle blood under pressure, carry blood oxygenated blood away from heart to tissues
veins thin in-elastic walls as deoxygentaed blood under less pressure returning to heart from tissues, valve system prevents back flow. musclular pressure assists blood flow back to heart.
capillaries thin walls 1 cell thick allow gases to pass through easily, no valves, blood under low/moderates pressure (gaseous exchange takes place)
vasoconstriction decrease in blood vessel diameter
vasodilation increase in blood vessel diameter
pulmonary circulation rought of deoxygenated blood: right ventricle-pulmonary arterty-lungs-pulmonary vein-left atrium
systemic circulation route of oxygenated blood: left ventricle-aorta-all body tissues (except lungs)-vena cava-right atrium
Created by: sidneybetty
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