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UE Ortho
Shoulder Biomechanics B
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the components of the glenohumeral joint? | head of humerus, glenoid, labrum, ligaments, and capsule |
| The angle between the head of the humerus and the longitudinal axis of the humerus is called what? | the angle of inclination |
| What is the value for the angle of inclination? | 135 degrees |
| The line through the humeral head and humeral condyles is called the ______ __ ______. | angle or torsion |
| The humerus is rotated about ___ degrees in what direction? | 30 degrees posteriorly |
| What are the directions of the roll and glide with shoulder abduction? | roll=superior, glide=inferior |
| What are the directions of the roll and glide with shoulder adduction? | roll=inferior, glide=superior |
| What is the direction of the glide with shoulder flexion? | posterior |
| What is the direction of the glide with shoulder extension? | anterior |
| In what direction is the glide for the following shoulder motions: 1. ER, 2. IR, 3. horizontal add, 4. horizontal abd | 1.anterior, 2.posterior, 3.posterior, 4.anterior |
| What are the six ligaments of the glenohumeral joint? | superior/middle/inferior GH ligaments, coracohumeral lig, coracoacromial lig, and transverse humeral lig |
| Which shoulder ligament checks ER during arm elevation from 0-60 degrees? | coracohumeral ligament |
| Which shoulder ligament plays no role with movements, but is part of the supraspinatus tunnel? | coracoacromial ligament |
| In the resting position the GH joint is more taut where? | superiorly |
| In the resting position the GH joint hass more slack where? | anteriorly and inferiorly |
| The GH capsule is how much larger than the humeral head? | 2x |
| Because of the large GH capsule, there is greater than _ inch(es) of distraction allowed of the humeral head. | 1 |
| The subscapularis provides ________ stability. | anterior |
| Space between superior border of subscapularis and supraspinatus tendons is called what? | the Rotator Cuff Interval(RCI) |
| The RCI plays a roll in _________ stability? | inferior |
| What provides stability to the GH joint at 0 degrees of abduction? | superior GH ligament(SGHL), and the RCI |
| What provides stability to the GH joint at 45-75 degrees of abduction? | middle GH ligament(MGHL) |
| What provides stability to the GH joint at >90 degrees of abduction? | Inferior GH ligament(IGHL) |
| What is the closed packed position of the GH joint? | full abduction, and ER |
| What is the Open-packed position of the GH joint? | 55° ABD, 30° Horiz ADD |
| A capsular pattern of the GH joint results in limitations of __>___>__. | ER>ABD>IR |
| What protects structures below it from direct trauma, prevents superior dislocationof the humeral head, and can cause impingement? | Coracoacromial Arch |
| In the normal resting position the scapula is __-__ degrees anterior to the frontal plane. | 30-40 |
| What muscle primarily causes superior translation of the humeral head? | deltoid |
| What balances the force of the deltoid (superior translation) and compresses the humeral head? | rotator cuff |
| What muscle centers the humeral head in the glenoid fossa, and decreases vertical and anterior translation? | biceps |
| The scapulothoracic joint is located between the ___ and ___ ribs. | 2nd-7th |
| The spine of the scapula is located at what level? | T3 |
| The inferior anlge of the scapula is located at what level? | T7 |
| How fa from midline is the resting scapula? | 2 inches |
| The scapula normally experiences about __-__ degrees of anterior tipping. | 10-20 degrees |
| With the scapulohumeral rhythm, the GH joint accounts for ____ degrees of elevation while the ST(scapulothoracic) joint accounts for the other __ degrees of elevation, totaling 180 degrees. | 120, 60 |
| What two muscles initiate elevation during scapulohumeral rhythm? | deltoid, supraspinatus |
| Initial elevation with the scapulohumeral rhythm mainly occurs at what joint? | the GH |
| During phase one of the scapulohumeral rhythm, this ligament prevents motion at the AC joint. | coracoclavicular lig |
| During phase one of the scapulohumeral rhythm, what causes the scapula to upwardly rotate? How many degrees of upward rotation occurs? | clavicular elevation. 30 degrees |
| During phase one of the scapulohumeral rhythm there is __ degrees of GH motion and __-__ degrees of total elveation. | 60 degrees GH motion, 90-100 degrees total elevation |
| During what phase of scpulohumeral rhythm does the Coracoclavicular ligament rotate the clavicle posteriorly (30-55 degrees) and result in 30 degrees of upward scapular rotation? | phase two |
| During phase two of scapulohumeral rhythm there is __ degrees of ST motion, __ degrees of GH motion, and ____ degrees of total elevation. | 30 degrees ST, 60 degrees GH motion, 180 degrees total elevation |
| During phase two of the scapulohumeral rhythm the t-spine does what to allow full elevation? | extends/sidebends |
| Where does the subacromial bursae lie? | between the supraspinatus and the acromion |
| What factors can lead to decreased subacromial space?(5) | Hooked acromion, AC degeneration, GH instability, Tight posterior capsule, Lack of posterior tipping or upward rotation of scapula |
| Does protraction of the scapula increase or decrease subacromial space? | decreases |
| Does retraction of the scapula increase or decrease subacromial space? | increase |
| Hypermobility can lead to to excessice motion of what? | the humeral head |
| _______ or _________ capsular tightness can lead to superior humeral head(HH) migration. | inferior or posterior |
| What can lead to a loss of ability to compress/depress the humeral head in the glenoid and result in superior migration of HH? | RC weakness/tear |
| What muscle can lead to increased anterior tilt of scapula, decreasing subacromial space? | pec minor tighness |
| What can decrease UR of scapula? | serratus weakness, LT weakness |
| Two forces that act in opposite directions to rotate a segment around its axis of motion is called? | force couple |
| What two muscles create a force couple? | RC and deltoids |
Created by:
txst fall 2009
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