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Neurotransmitter(AP)
several specific ones
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Acetylcholine (ACh) | Common; Involved in muscle action. Too much causes spasms. Too little paralysis. Alzheimer's |
Dopamine | Involved in many behaviors and emotions. Imbalance Schizophrenia and Parkinson's |
Serotonin | Involved in sleep and depression |
Norepinephrine | "Fight or Flight" arousal |
Endorphins | Pain inhibitors "Runners High" |
Glutamate | Long-term memory, pain threshold |
GABA (Gamma aminobutyric acid) | Imbalance Sleep and eating disorders Inhibitory neurotransmitter. Brain deterioration |
Glycene | Involved in inhibition of spinal cord and lower brain |
Broca's area | production of speech, affects ability to speak |
Wernicke's area | understanding of spoken or written language, affects language comprehension |
CAT scan Computerized Axial Tomography | \creates 3d images of a brain without surgery |
MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging | more successful, captures images of ridges, fissures, and folds in the brain |
EEG | electrodes on either side of brain measure brain activity by millisecond. |
Somatic Nervous System | branch of Peripheral Nervous system, composed of all afferent and efferent neurons |
Autonomic Nervous System | comprises of neurons that carry messages between central nervous system and internal organs of the body(heart, digestive) |
Afferent neurons | sensory, info to the central nervous |
Efferent neurons | motor, central nervous to skeletal muscles |
Sympathetic division | carry message "ALERT" "fight or Flight" |
Parasympathetic division | Calms and relaxes the body |
Hormones | similar to neurotransmitters, travel in blood move slower. Chemicals can be both NTs and hormones |
Thyroid gland | secretes thyroxin, regulates metabolism and how alert or energetic you are. |
Parathyroids | balance levels of calcium and phosphate, influence levels of excitability |
Pineal gland | secretes melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles. |
Pancreas | controls blood sugar level with insulin and glucagon. Less insulin too much sugar. More Insulin too little sugar. |
Pituitary gland | master hormone secreter aids in all endocrine functions |
Gonads | reproductive glands, testes and ovaries |
Adrenal glands | affect body's reaction to stress. stimulated by autonomic nervous system. pours hormones into bloodstream. |
Chromosomes | threadlike bodies in cell contain genes |
Genes | control the transmission of traits; found on the chromosomes. |
strain studies | study of heritability of behavioral traits using animals that have been inbred to produce strains that are genetically similar to one another. |
Selection Studies | Studies estimate the heritability of a trait by breeding animals with other animals that have the same trait. |
Family Studies | Studies of heritability in humans based on assumption that if genes influence a certain trait, close relatives should be more similar than others. |
Twin Studies | Study of twins to determine relative of hereditary and environment on human behavior. |
Adoption Studies | study on adopted children to observes relative influence of hereditary and environment on human behavior. |
Curare, LSD, Atrophe | Occupy or block receptor sites |
Amphetamines | Increase the release of a neurotransmitter |
Antidepressants | Like Prozac; Interfere with the reabsorption of neurotransmitter |
Polarized neuron | c(at rest)harge inside is negative relative to outside |