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pharmtech
pharmacy technicians vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ABSORPTION | Process involving the movement of drug molecules from the site of administration into the circulatory system. |
| AFFINITY | Attraction that the receptor site has for the drug. |
| AGONIST | Drug that binds to its receptor site and stimulates a cellular response. |
| ANTAGONIST | Drug that binds to the receptor site and does not produce an action. |
| BIOAVAILABILITY | Extent to which a drug reaches the site of action and is available to produce its effects. |
| BIOEQUIVALENT DRUG | Drug that shows no statistical differences in the rate and extent of absorption when it is administered in the same strength, dosage form, and route of administration as the brand name product. |
| BIOPHARMACEUTICALS | Drugs produced by the process of bioengineering involving recombinant DNA technology. |
| BIOTRANSFORMATION | Process of drug metabolism in the body that transforms a drug to a more active, equally active, or inactive metabolite. |
| CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE | Drug whose possession is restricted because of its potential for abuse as determined by federal or state law. |
| DIFFUSION | Passive movement of molecules across cell membranes from an area of high drug concentration to lower concentration. |
| DISTRIBUTION | Process of movement of the drug from the circulatory system across barrier membranes, to the site of drug action. |
| DOSAGE FORM | Drug formulation. |
| DOSE | Amount of a drug required for one application or administration. |
| DOSING SCHEDULE | How frequently the drug dose is administered (e.g., "four times a day") |
| DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM | Dosage form or device designed to release a specific amount of drug. |
| DRUG | Substance used to diagnose, treat, cure, prevent, or mitigate disease in humans or other animals. |
| DRUG-RECEPTOR THEORY | Theory that states that a drug must interact or bind with targeted cells in the body if drug action is to be produced. |
| DURATION OF ACTION | Time between the onset of action and discontinuation of drug action. |
| EFFICACY | Measure of the drug's effectiveness. |
| ELIMINATION | Process that results in removal of drug from the body and discontinuation of drug action. |
| ENTERAL | Any oral route of drug administration. |
| ENZYME | Protein capable of causing a chemical reaction. |
| FIRST-PASS EFFECT | Process whereby the liver metabolizes nearly all of a drug before it passes into the general circulation. |
| HALF-LIFE (T1/2) | Length of time it takes for the plasma concentration of an administered drug to be reduced by one half. |
| HEPATOXICITY | Serious adverse reaction that occurs in the liver. |
| HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINE | Drugs that are administered in minute quanities and stimulate natural body healing systems. |
| HYDROPHILIC | Water loving. |
| HYDROPHOBIC | Water Hating. |
| IDIOSYNCRATIC REACTION | Unexpected drug reaction. |
| INVERSE AGONIST | Drug that has affinity and activity at the receptor site. |
| IONIZATION | Chemical process involving the realease of a proton (H+). |
| LEGEND DRUG | Drug that is required by state or federal law to be dispensed by a prescription only. |
| LIPID | Fat-like substance. |
| LIPOPHILIC | Lipid loving. |
| MATERIA MEDICA | Medicinal materials. |
| MECHANISM OF ACTION (MOA) | Manner in which a drug produces its effect. |
| METABOLISM | Biochemical process involving transformation of active drugs to a compound that can be easily eliminated or prodrugs to active drugs. |
| METABOLITE | Product of drug metabolism. |
| NEPHROTOXICITY | Serious adverse effect that occurs in the kidney. |
| NONCOMPETITIVE ANTAGONIST | Drug that binds to the same receptor site as the antagonist or an alternative receptor site, preventing the agonist from binding to and producing its desired action. |
| ONSET OF ACTION | Time it takes a drug to reach the concentration necessary to produce a therapeutic effect. |
| OVER-THE-COUNTER (OTC) DRUG | Drug that may be obtained without a prescription. |
| PARENTERAL | Drug dosage form that is administered by injection or infusion. |
| PARTIAL AGONIST | Drug that behaves like an agonist under some conditions and acts like an antagonist under different conditions. |
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | Study of structural and functional changes that are produced by disease. |
| PEAK EFFECT | Maximum drug effect produced by drug is achieved once the drug has reached its maximum concentration in body. |
| PHARMACEUTICAL ALTERNATIVE | Contains the same active ingredient as the brand name drug; however, the strength and dosage form may be different. |
| PHARMACEUTICAL EQUIVALENT | Drug that contains identical amount of active ingredient as brand name drug but may have different inactive ingredients, be manufactured in a different dosage form, and exhibit different rates of absorption. |
| PHARMACODYNAMICS | Study of drugs and their action on the living organism. |
| PHARMACOGNOSY | Science dealing with the biologic, biochemical features of natural drugs and their constituents. |
| PHARMACOKINETICS | Science dealing with the dynamic process drug undergoes to produce its therapeutic effect. |
| PHARMACOLOGY | Study of drugs and their interactions iwht living systems including chemical and physical properties, toxicology, and therapeutics. |
| PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS (or Pharmacotherapy) | Use of drugs in the treatment of disease. |
| POTENCY | Measure of the amount of drug required to produce a response. |
| PRODRUG | Drug administered in an inactive ofrm that is metabolized in the body to an active form. |
| RECEPTOR SITE | Location of drug-cell binding. |
| THERAPEUTIC ALTERNATIVE | Drug that contains different active ingredient(s) than the brand name drug yet produces the same desired therapeutic outcome. |
| THERAPEUTIC INDEX (TI) | Ratio of the effective dose to the lethal dose. |
| TOXICOLOGY | Science dealing with the study of poisons. |
| ADDITIVE EFFECT | Increased drug effect that is produced when a second similar drug is added to therapy that is greater than the effects produced by either drug alone. |
| ANTAGONISM | Drug-drug interaction or drug-food interaction that causes decreased effects. |
| DRUG CONTRAINDICTION | conditions under which a drug is not indicated and should not be administered. |
| DRUG-DISEASE CONTRAINDICATION | Administration o fthe drug shoul dbe avoided because it may worsen the patient's medical condition. |
| DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION | Reaction that occurs when two or more drugs are administered at the same time. |
| MEDICATION ERROR | Error made in the process of prescribing, preparing, dispensing, or administering drug therapy. |
| POTENTIATION | Process where one drug, acting at a separate site or via a different mechanism of action, increases the effect of another drug, yet produces no effect when administered along. |
| SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS | Drug-drug or drug-food interaction between two drugs that produces an effect that is greater than would be produced if either drug were administered alone. |
| THERAPEUTIC DUPLICATION | Administration of two drugs that produce similar effects and side effects. |
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Pharmlearn
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