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IGHS Winkels
Physical Science Chapter 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nucleus | a dense, positively charged mass located in the center of the atom |
| Proton | a positively charged subatomic particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom |
| Electron | a negatively charged subatomic particle that is found in the space outside the nucleus |
| Neutron | a neutral subatomic particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom |
| Atomic number | of an element equals the number of protons in an atom of that element |
| Mass number | of an atom is the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of that atom |
| Isotopes | are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons and different mass numbers |
| Energy Levels | the possible energies that electrons in an atom can have |
| Electron Cloud | a visual model of the most likely locations for electrons in an atom |
| Ground State | when all the electrons in an atom have the lowest possible energies |
| Electon Configuration | the arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom |
| Orbital | a region of space around the nucleus where an electron is likely to be found |
| Dalton's Theory | all matter is made up of individual particles called atoms, which cannot be divided |
| Thomson's Model | the negative charges are evenly scattered throughout an atom filled with a positively charged mass of matter (choc. chip ice cream |
| Rutherford's Model | all of an atom's positive charge is concentrated in its nucleus |
| Bohr's Model | electrons move with constant speed in fixed orbits around the nucleus, like planets around the sun |
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Winkels
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