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psych U1M6
correlation and experimentation
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Scatter plot | Graphed cluster of dots which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points=relationship between the two variables. Amount of scatter shows strength of correlation. |
correlation | a measure of 2 variables changing together |
define "correlation is not causation" | just because there is a correlation between 2 variables does not mean that one causes the other |
positive correlation | When the two variables rise together (not necessarily up) |
negative correlation | When the two variables move away from each other. |
illusory correlation | The perception of a relationship where none exists. |
correlation coefficient | The relationship between two variables from -1 to +1 |
variable | Conditions, events, or behaviors to measure multiple values. |
operationalize | Explain how you will measure a variable |
confounding variables | A factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment |
subject relevant | Subjects in the two groups shouldn't differ in any way (limited by random assignment) |
ex of subject relevant | putting 5 ppl in the experimental and control group who have the same strength and stanima |
group matching | Ensures that the experimental and control groups are equivalent on certain criteria |
situation relevant | External/environmental conditions must be equivalent except for differences produced by the independent variable. |
ex of situational relevant | if you want to see if music affects how people work, there should be no distractions, such as cars honking, etc |
experimenter bias | Tendency of researches to treat members of experimental and control group differently to increase chance of confirming hypothesis. |
observer bias | The tendency to see what we expect to see or what we want to see. |
hawthorne effect | Changes in behavior resulting from attention participants believe they are getting from researches and not the variables manipulated by the researches. |
placebo method | a treatment that has no true effect |
placebo effect | Feeling better because we expect to feel better from imagined treatment. |
single-blind design | Researchers don't tell the participants if they are given a test or control treatment. |
double-blind design | Both the participants and researchers are blind to whether the participants have received a treatment or a placebo. |
counter balancing | No subject relevant confounding variable; using experimental subjects as their own control group. |