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psych U1M5
scientific method and descriptive research
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| theory | An explanation using a set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events. |
| hypothesis | An educated guess; testable prediction |
| difference between a theory and a hypothesis | |
| operational definition | A statement made from the process of procedures in order to define something. |
| replication | Repeating a research study to see whether the basic finding relates to other participants and circumstances. |
| correlation | A measure of two variables changing together, and how well either variable predicts the other. |
| sample | A portion of the population being studied. |
| survey | A technique to make sure that reported behaviors of a particular group are certain by asking random questions |
| sampling bias | A flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample. |
| random sampling | A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion. |
| reprensentative/stratified sampling | represents population on some criteria |
| ex of reprensentative/stratified sampling | divide sample by gender, pick randomly out of hat |
| 4 steps of scientific method | identify problem, make hypothesis, gather data, draw conclusions |
| volunteer bias | When the participant answers in a way that they think the research wants as an answer. |
| case study | A technique where one individual or group is studied to reveal universal principles. |
| naturalistic observation | Observing and recording behavior without stimulating a situation. |
| population | All those in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn |