Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Cardio Assess Unit 4
SPC Cardiopulmonary Assessment Unit 4 Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Small square 1mm = what? | .04 Seconds |
| Large Square 5mm = what? | 0.2 Seconds |
| ECG paper runs at what pace? | 25mm/sec |
| Time interval on what axis? | Horizontal |
| Amplitude interval (voltage) on what axis? | Vertical |
| 1mV =? | 10 small squares (10mm) or 2 Large Squares |
| Define Bipolar? | 2 opposite polarity leads (+, -) |
| Define Unipolar? | A positive lead on a limb (+) Also called augmented lead because they must be amplified. |
| Define Positive Deflection? | Upward spike, current flow is toward the (+) electrode. |
| Define Negative Deflection? | Downward spike, current flow is away from the (+) electrode. |
| Define Lead Axis? | Refers to the average direction of current flow in the heart |
| Define Mean Cardiac Vector? | A vector relates both current direction & intensity or magnitude. Relates to where the current flow is the most intense. Current flow follows tissue mass. |
| Bipolar Leads 1? | 1. (-) Right Arm/(+) Left Arm 2. View heart in a vertical or frontal plane as do the unipolar leads. Collectively known as limb leads |
| Bipolar Leads 2? | 1. (-) Right Arm/(+) Left Leg 2. QRS is most prominent as current flow parallels normal depolarization. |
| Bipolar Leads 3? | 1. (-) Left Arm/(+) Left Leg |
| Unipolar Lead aVR | (+) Right Arm |
| Unipolar Lead aVL | (+) Left Arm |
| Unipolar Lead aVF | (+) Left Foot |
| Define Precordial Leads? | On horizontal plane and called chest leads since they are placed on the chest. |
| With Pericordial Leads where is V1 & V2? | 4th Intercostal space next to sternum |
| With Pericordial Leads where is V3-V6? | 5th Intercostal space from just medial of midclavicular line to midaxillary line. |
| Pericordial leads V1 & V2 view what? | Right Ventricle |
| Pericordial leads V3 & V4 view what? | Interventricular Septum |
| Pericordial leads V5 & V6 view what? | Left Ventricle |
| The normal quadrant is between what? | 0 & 90 degrees |
| Lead 1 & aVF are used to locate what? | The Mean Cardiac Vector in on of the four 90 degree quadrants |
| What is axis deviation? | Occurs when the MCV shifts out of the normal quadrant. |
| When MVC shifts out of a normal quadrant? | 1. Muscle Mass changes (Hypertrophy) 2. Polarity shifts (Bundle Branch Block) 3. Tissue dies (Infarct) 4. Position Changes (Obesity) |
| Right Axis Deviation | Shift right side of the heart 1. Cor pulmonale 2. Left ventricular infarction 3. Acute pulmonary embolism |
| Left Axis deviation | Shift to left side of the heart 1. Right ventricular Infarction 2. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy 3. Obesity |
| Isoelectric Baseline | Flat line just before the P wave or right after the T wave. Used to zero voltage reference point. |
| ECG Segment | Time line between two waves |
| ECG Interval | The A wave plus the time line to the next wave |
| PR Interval | The P wave plus the time line to the QRS complex |
| Normal PR Interval is? | .12-.20 sec (1 large square) or >.20 sec = 1 Heart Block |
| QRS Interval | Time from the Q to S deflections. |
| Normal QRS Interval is? | <.12 (3 small squares) |
| ST segment | End of the QRS complex to the T wave It is isoelectric, meaning no electrical activity |
| Elevated or Depressed ST Segment indicates what? | 1. Myocardial Infarction 2. Left bundle branch block 3. Pericarditis |
| If RR is regular you count what? | Number of squares between two QRS complexes divided into 300 |
| If RR is irregular you count what? | Number of QRS complexes between 3 sec time lines @ the top or bottom of the strip x20 |
| Sinus Tachycardia | 1. P wave is present 2. RR interval is regular 3. Rate > 100/min 4. Hypoxemia is a common cause 5. Xanthines & Beta 1 adrenergics associated with sinus tach |
| Ventricular Tachycardia | 1. No P waves 2. Wide, Bizarre QRS complexes >.12 sec 3. Defined as a run of >3 PVC 4. RR interval is regular 5. Rate 150-250/min |
| Ventricular Fibrillation | 1. Ventricles are showing minimal activity 2. QRS waves rarely over 1 mV |
| What is the treatment for Ventricular fibrillation? | Defibrillation |
| Atrial Flutter | 1. Sawtooth 2. P waves between normal QRS complexes 3. Atrial Rate 200-300/min 4. RR interval is normal 5. Common w/ pulmonary disease |
| Atrial Fibrillation | 1. No true P waves 2. Atrial Rate 350-600/min 3. RR interval is irregular |
| What is the treatment for Atrial Fibrillation? | Synchronized Cardioversion |
| PVC | 1. Ectopic beat from a ventricle 2. Wide, bizarre ORS complexes >.12 sec 3. RR Interval is disrupted 4. Myocardial Ischemia is the most common cause |
| What is the Treatment of PVC | Lidocaine |
| Define Couplet | 2 PVC's in a row |
| Define Salvo | Run of 3 or > PVC's Runs ?30sec = V. Tachycardia |
| Untreated Ventricular Tachycardia goes to what? | Ventricular Fibrillation |
| Treatment of Ventricular Tachycardia? | Lidocaine & Synchronized Cardioversion |
| Define Bigeminy | A pattern of two heart beats, commonly involving a PVC. "Normal Beat - PVC pause....Normal Beat - PVC pause" |
| Define Trigeminy | A pattern of three heart beats, commonly involving a PVC. "Classic" PVC pattern where every 3rd beat is a PVC preceded by 2 normal beats. |
| What is AV Blocks? | Indicate an impulse transmission problem between the atria and ventricles. All due to damage to the nodal pathway due to ischemia or infarction. The degree increases as damage progresses. |
| Significant of 1st Degree Heart Block? | 1. P wave normal 2. PR Interval >.20sec 3. QRS is normal 4. RR Interval is normal 5. P to QRS relation is normal 6. No Treatment |
| Significant of 2nd Degree Heart Block? Mobitz Type 1 | 1. PR interval progressively increases until a P is not conducted to the ventricles (no QRS follows) 2. RR interval is regular w/ a pause following dropped QRS |
| Significant of 2nd Degree Heart Block? Mobitz Type 2 | 1. Series of non-conduceted P waves followed by a conducted P w/ normal PR interval 2. Fixed Ratio 2:1 or 3:1 |
| Treatment for 2nd Degree Heart Block? | Atropine or Isoproterenol to maintain ventricular rate or pacemaker |
| Significant of 3rd Degree Heart Block? | 1. Complete AV Dissociation 2. P is unrelated to QRS 3. QRS may become wide/bizzare 4. RR interval is regular 5. Ventricular rate <60/min 6. Treatment: Pacemaker |
Created by:
Langhout1418
Popular Respiratory Therapy sets