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Cardio Assess Unit 3
SPC Cardiopulmonary Assessment Unit 3 Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe Posteroanterior Radiograph (PA) | STANDARD, patient is standing, x-ray beam through the back, film against anterior chest |
| Describe Anteroposterior Radiograph (AP) | POTABLE, patient is lying in bed, x-ray beam through the anterior chest, film against the back |
| Describe Lateral Radiograph | Patient turns sideways, film placed along R or L lateral chest wall, used to asses Lower Lobe Lesions |
| Describe Lateral Decubitus Radiograph | Patient lies w/ film against affected side, used to assess pleural effusion |
| Describe Apical Lordotic Radiograph | Film placed along patients upper back, x-ray placed @45degree caudal angle from the lower anterior chest is shot, used to asses middle and upper lobe lesions |
| Radiation safety for RT's consist of what? | 1. At least 6ft away behind something 2. Bagging through scans 3. Protect neck, pads, & knees 4. Watch out for floroscopes |
| Many radiograph techniques were replaced by what? | CT scans |
| What color is air on a CXR? | Black |
| What are the 4 desities on a CXR? | Radiolucent, Black, White, |
| What does radiolucent mean? | Transparent to X-Rays, Black, air |
| What does radiopaque mean? | Non-Transparent to X-Rays, White, dense objects |
| What would show up black? | AIR: Parenchyma, Pneumothorax, Bullae, Pneumatoceles |
| What would show up light gray? | FLUID: Blood vessels, Fissure fluid, Pleural fluid |
| What would show up white? | DENSE Objects: Fat, Heart, Breast, Adipose, Bone, Clavicles, Ribs |
| How big should the cardiac silhouette be in a CXR? | <.50% |
| What is normal with the diaphragm on a CXR? | R diaphragm is 2cm higher than the L |
| Costophrenic Angles should be what degree on a XR? | 30 degrees |
| If you see a tracheal shift that would indicate? | Pneumothorax |
| Changes in lymph nodes on CXR would indicate? | Adenopathy |
| PA engorgement on a CXR would indicate? | Cor Pulmonale |
| Clavicals on a CXR are used for what? | Used to check positioning |
| Posterior Ribs on a CXR are used for what? | Used to assess lung volume |
| Anterior Ribs on an CXR are used for what? | Used to check lung volume |
| Where should the vertebrae be positioned on a CXR? | Between the medial ends of the clavicles |
| What is over exposure? | Lung fields are black w/o vascularity, vertebrae easily seen through cardiac shadow |
| What is under exposure? | Lung field are white |
| What is seen at end-inspiratory level on a CXR? | 1. Diaphragm is between 9th-11th Posterior Ribs & 4th-6th Anterior Ribs 2. Lower lung volumes show whiter lung field and larger heart shadow |
| Location of Atelectasis on CXR? | Lobar |
| Changes with Atelectasis on CXR? | 1. Tracheal Shift (towards) 2. Hemidiaphragm Elevation 3. Narrowed Posterior rib spaces 4. Volume Loss |
| Changes with Pneumothorax on CXR? | 1. Black Hemithorax 2. Lung Mass towards hilum 3. W/ Tension Tracheal Shift (away) |
| Changes with COPD Hyperinflation on CXR? | 1. Narrow, Tear-shaped Heart 2. Prominent PAs 3. Low, Flat Diaphragms 4. Wide Posterior Ribs Spaces 5. Horizontal Posterior Ribs 6. Radiolucent Lung Fields |
| Changes with Interstitial Disease in CXR? | 1. Cobweb like 2. Honeycombing 3. Milliary pattern |
| Changes with Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema in CXR? | 1. Increased C-T Ratio > .50 2. Kerley’s B Lines: Infiltration of interlobar septa. & Prominent @ R lung base. 3. Blunted C/P Angles 4. Notably R side. 5. Dense fluffy lung fields project from hilar area i.e. batwing or butterfly |
| Changes with Consolidation in CR? | 1. Opacification (White) 2. Air bronchospasm: air filled bronchi contrasted against opaque lung tissue |
Created by:
Langhout1418
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