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Module 46
Prosocial Relations
Question | Answer |
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Which two processes do Darley and Latané attribute to the failure of Kitty Genovese's neighbors to respond to her screams for help? | bystander effect and diffusion of responsibility |
People tend to like the letters of their own name better than other letters which is explained in terms of what? | the mere exposure effect |
A lady fell on a busy sidewalk and broke her arm. Although hundreds of people passed her lying on the ground, most did not see she needed medical assistance. What theory might explain their oversight? | the bystander effect |
What is the mere exposure effect? | refers to the fact that repeated exposure to an unfamiliar stimulus increases our liking of it |
What is passionate love? | refers to an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another person, especially at the beginning of a relationship |
What is companionate love? | refers to a deep, enduring affectionate attachment to those with whom we share our lives |
What is equity? | refers to the condition in which there is mutual giving and receiving between the partners in a relationship |
What is self-disclosure? | refers to a person's revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others |
What is altruism? | unselfish regard for the welfare of others |
What is bystander effect? | the tendency of a person to be less likely to offer help to someone if there are other people present |
What is social exchange theory? | states that our social behavior revolves around exchanges, in which we try to minimize our costs and maximize our benefits |
What is the reciprocity norm? | the expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them |
What is the social-responsibility norm? | the expectation that people will help those who depend on them |
What is conflict? | a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas between individuals or groups |
What is a social trap? | a situation in which conflicting parties become caught in mutually destructive behaviors because each persists in pursuing its own self-interest |
What are mirror-image perceptions? | the negative, mutual views that conflicting people often hold about one another |
What are superordinate goals? | mutual goals that require the cooperation of individuals or groups otherwise in conflict |
What does GRIT stand for? | graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension-reduction |
What is graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension-reduction? | a strategy of conflict resolution based on the defusing effect that conciliatory gestures can have on parties in conflict |
A prerequisite for, and perhaps the most powerful predictor of, attraction is what? | proximity |
Our first impression of another person is most influenced by the person's __________. | apperance |