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Module 46

Prosocial Relations

QuestionAnswer
Which two processes do Darley and Latané attribute to the failure of Kitty Genovese's neighbors to respond to her screams for help? bystander effect and diffusion of responsibility
People tend to like the letters of their own name better than other letters which is explained in terms of what? the mere exposure effect
A lady fell on a busy sidewalk and broke her arm. Although hundreds of people passed her lying on the ground, most did not see she needed medical assistance. What theory might explain their oversight? the bystander effect
What is the mere exposure effect? refers to the fact that repeated exposure to an unfamiliar stimulus increases our liking of it
What is passionate love? refers to an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another person, especially at the beginning of a relationship
What is companionate love? refers to a deep, enduring affectionate attachment to those with whom we share our lives
What is equity? refers to the condition in which there is mutual giving and receiving between the partners in a relationship
What is self-disclosure? refers to a person's revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
What is altruism? unselfish regard for the welfare of others
What is bystander effect? the tendency of a person to be less likely to offer help to someone if there are other people present
What is social exchange theory? states that our social behavior revolves around exchanges, in which we try to minimize our costs and maximize our benefits
What is the reciprocity norm? the expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
What is the social-responsibility norm? the expectation that people will help those who depend on them
What is conflict? a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas between individuals or groups
What is a social trap? a situation in which conflicting parties become caught in mutually destructive behaviors because each persists in pursuing its own self-interest
What are mirror-image perceptions? the negative, mutual views that conflicting people often hold about one another
What are superordinate goals? mutual goals that require the cooperation of individuals or groups otherwise in conflict
What does GRIT stand for? graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension-reduction
What is graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension-reduction? a strategy of conflict resolution based on the defusing effect that conciliatory gestures can have on parties in conflict
A prerequisite for, and perhaps the most powerful predictor of, attraction is what? proximity
Our first impression of another person is most influenced by the person's __________. apperance
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