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Egan's Ch16 Key Term
Respiratory Therapy Midland College
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Diagnosis | The process of identifying the nature and cause of illness. |
| Differential Diagnosis | Signs and symptoms are shared by many diseases and the exact cause is unclear. |
| Signs | Observable effects of an illness. |
| Symptoms | Effects of illness which are only experienced by the patient. (Ex: Breathlessness) |
| Dyspnea | Discomfort in breathing |
| Breathlessness | Uncomfortable urge to breathe; patient cannot catch breath |
| Orthopnea | Dyspnea is triggered when patient is in the reclining position. |
| Platypnea | Dyspnea is triggered when the patient is upright. |
| Orthodeoxia | Oxygen saturation drops when patient is in the upright position. |
| Trepopnea | Dyspnea is relieved when the patient lies on one side. |
| Cough | A forceful maneuver which expels mucus and foreign materials from the airway. |
| Chronic Cough | A cough lasting 8 weeks or longer. |
| Phlegm (flem) | Mucus from tracheobronchial tree which is uncontaminated by oral secretions. |
| Sputum | Mucus from lungs which is coughed up through the mouth. |
| Purluent Sputum | Sputum containing pus |
| Fetid Sputum | Foul-smelling sputum |
| Mucoid Sputum | Sputum which is thick and clear |
| Hemoptysis | Coughing up blood or blood-streaked sputum. |
| Hematemesis | Vomiting Blood from the Gastrointestinal Tract |
| Angina | Coronary artery occlusion which causes pain (nonpleuritic) in the center of the chest. |
| Fever | Body temperature greater than 38.3 degrees celsius. |
| Pedal Edema | Swelling of lower extremeties |
| Pack-Years | Number of packs per day multiplied by the number of years smoked. |
| Advance Directive | The instructions, decided by the patient, on whether or not to resuscitate them. |
| Cachexia | Weakness and unnatural thinness. |
| Diaphoresis | Sweating |
| Tripodding | A position which gives accessory muscles more power to assist in breathing. |
| Sensorium | The patients level of consciousness. |
| Febrile | Description of a patient with a fever. |
| Hypothermia | A body temperature which is lower than normal. |
| Tachycardia | A heart rate greater than 100 bpm. |
| Bradycardia | A heart rate lower than 60 bpm. |
| Pulsus Paradoxus | A decrease of >10 torr in blood pressure during a sudden inspiration. |
| Pulsus Alternans | An alternating succession of strong and weak pulse beats. |
| Tachypnea | A respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths/minute. |
| Bradypnea | A respiratory rate less than 10 breaths/minute. |
| Systolic Pressure | Peak force exerted in arteries when the left ventricle contracts.90-140 torr is considered healthy. |
| Diastolic Pressure | Pressure remaining in arteries after the ventricles have relaxed. 60-90 torr is healthy. |
| Pulse Pressure | Difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures. 30-40 torr. |
| Hypertension | A blood pressure consistently greater than 140/90 |
| Hypotension | Systolic blood pressure less than 90 or mean arterial pressure less than 65 |
| Shock | Inadequate delivery of oxygen to vital organs |
| Hypovolemia | Low blood volume |
| Postural Hypotension | Sudden hypotension in hypovolemic patients when sitting or standing. |
| Syncope | Fainting |
| Kussmaul Sign | The jugular venous pressure increases during inhalation |
| Jugular Venous Distension | The jugular vein is enlarged and visible 4cm above the sternal angle. |
| Lymphadenopathy | Enlarged lymph nodes |
| Barrel Chest | Abnormal enlargement of the anterior-posterior diameter of the thoracic cavity. |
| Retractions | Inward sinking of chest wall during inspiration. |
| Tracheal Tugging | Downward movement of thyroid cartilage during inspiration |
| Kussmaul Breathing | Fast, deep, rapid breathing pattern. |
| Hoover Sign | Contraction of lower ribs on inspiration in COPD patients. |
| Respiratory Alternans | Breathing effort alternates between diaphragm and accessory muscles. |
| Abdominal Paradox | Fatigued diaphragm moving in accordance to thoracic pressures. |
| Subcutaneous Emphysema | Air collection in cutaneous tissue from ruptured lung. |
| Pneumothorax | Air collection within the pleural space. |
| Adventitious Lung Sounds | Noise produced by air movement through abnormal airways. |
| Stridor | Loud, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration |
| Bronchophony | Lung sound where vocal noises are more resonant and pronounced |
| Gallop Rhythm | A heart rhythm which includes S3 and S4 |
| Heart Murmur | Heart sound caused by backflow through valve, flow through stenotic valve, faster than normal flow through healthy valve. |
| Abdominal Compartment Syndrome | Intraabdominal pressures are greater than 20mmHg |
| Hepatomegaly | An enlarged liver. |
| Clubbing | Enlargement of the tips of fingers and toes. |
| Peripheral Cyanosis | Cyanosis of the digits |
| Central Cyanosis | Cyanosis on the trunk |
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