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Module 30
Assessing Intelligence
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| intelligence tests | measure people's mental aptitudes and compare them with those of others using numerical scores |
| mental age | the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance |
| the Stanford-Binet | Lewis Terman's widely used revision of Binet's original intelligence test |
| Binet and Simon's original test | was used to assess academic aptitude, not innate intelligence |
| intelligence quotient (IQ) - original definition | defined originally as the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100 |
| intelligence quotient (IQ) - current definition | current intelligence tests assign a score of 100 to the average performance for a given age and define other scores as deviations from this average |
| achievement tests | measure a person's current knowledge (usually academic in nature) |
| aptitude tests | designed to predict future performance and measure your capacity to learn new information, rather than measuring what you already know |
| Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) | the most widely used intelligence test and contains 15 subtests with separate scores for verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, working memory, and processing speed, as well as an overall intelligence score |
| standardization | the process of defining meaningful scores by comparison with a pretested standardization group |
| normal curve | a bell-shaped curve that represents the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes and is symmetrical, with most scores near the average and fewer near the extremes |
| distribution | frequency of occurrence |
| reliability | the extent to which a test produces consistent results |
| validity | the degree to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to |
| content validity | a test has content validity to the extent to which it samples teh behavior that is of interest |
| predictive validity | a test has predictive validity to the extent that it predicts the behavior it is designed to predict |
| criterion-related validity | another name for predictive validity |
| cohort | a group of people from a given time period |
| crystallized intelligence | the accumulated knowledge and verbal skills that comes with education and experience |
| fluid intelligence | the ability to reason speedily and abstractly |
| intellectual disability | two criteria that designate intellectual disability are an IQ below 70 and difficulty adapting to the normal demands of independent living |
| Down syndrome | a condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders and is the result of an extra chromosome in the person's genetic makeup |
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