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Module 28

Language and Thought

TermDefinition
language refers to spoken, written, or signed words and how we combine them to communicate meaning
phonemes the smallest units of sound in a language that are distinctive for speakers of the language
morphemes the smallest units of language that carry meaning
grammar a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others
babbling stage begins around 4 months, is characterized by the spontaneous utterance of speech sounds
one-word stage between 1 and 2 years of age, children speak mostly in single words
two-word stage beginning by about age 2, children in this stage speak mostly in two-word sentences
telegraphic speech the economical, telegram-like speech of children in the two-word stage, consists mostly of nouns and verbs in the correct order
aphasia an impairment of language, usually caused by left-hemisphere damage to Broca's area or Wernicke's area
Broca's area located in the left frontal lobe, is involved in controlling the motor ability to produce speech
Wernicke's area located in the left temporal lobe, is involved in language comprehension and expression
linguistic determinism Benjamin Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think
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