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Module 20
Basic Learning Concepts and Classical Conditioning
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an example of an unconditioned response? | jerking your hand off a hot stove |
| The infant Albert developed a fear of rats after a white rat was associated with a loud noise. The fear of the rat was a | conditioned response |
| After receiving a shot from a nurse dressed in white, the young child was fearful of any woman wearing a white dress, this is an example of | generalization |
| What is the process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors? | learning |
| John Locke and David Hume argued that an important factor in learning is our tendency to _______ events that occur in sequence. | associate |
| The type of learning in which the organism learns to associate two stimuli is _________ conditioning. | classical |
| A situation or event that evokes a response is what? | stimulus |
| The tendency of organisms to associate a response and its consequence forms the basis of _______ conditioning. | operant |
| Classical conditioning was first explored by the Russian physiologist __________. | Ivan Pavlov |
| Learning is best defined as what? | A relatively permanent change in the behavior of an organism due to experience. |
| In Pavlov's original experiment with dogs, the meat served as a what? | US - Unconditioned Stimulus |
| To obtain a reward, a monkey learns to press a lever when one tone is one but not another. What kind of training is this? | discrimination |
| In Pavlov's original experiment with dogs, salivating to meat was the what? | UR - Unconditioned Response |
| What form of learning is classical conditioning? | associative learning |
| What is cognitive learning? | the acquisition of mental information that guides our behavior |
| Define behaviorism. | the view that psychology should be an objective science that studies only observable behaviors without reference to mental processes |
| What is a neutral stimulus? | one that elicits no response |
| What is a conditioned response (CR)? | a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus. |
| What is acquisition? | the initial stage of conditioning in which the new response is established and gradually strengthened. |
| What is the diminishing of a CR when the CS is no longer followed by the US? | extinction |
| What is spontaneous recovery? | the reappearance of an extinguished CR after a pause |
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