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PRT110 - CH3 - Terms
Key Terms from CH 3 "Recognizing Chemical Hazards"
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acid | a substance with a pH less than 7.0 |
| Base | a substance with a pH greater than 7.0; also referred to as alkaline |
| Carcinogen | a cancer-causing substance |
| Combustible liquid | any liquid that has a flashpoint at or above 100 degrees F but below 200 degrees F |
| Explosive | a substance that causes a sudden, almost instantaneous release of pressure, gas and heat when sujected to sudden shock, pressure or high temperatures |
| Flammable gas | any gas that, at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure forms a flammable mixture with air at a concentration of 10% by volume or less |
| Flammable liquid | any liquid that has a flashpoint below 100 degrees F |
| Flammable solide | any solid, other than a blasting agent or explosive, that is liable to cause fire through friction, absorption of moisture, spontaneous chemical change or retained heat from manufacturing or processing |
| Flashpoint | the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives of a vapor in sufficient concentration to ignite |
| HAZCOM | OSHA 29 C.F.R. 1910.1200 Hazard Communication/Employee Right-to-Know, a standard to ensure that employees are aware of the chemicals they are exposed to in the workplace and the measures to take to protect themselves from such hazards |
| Highly toxic | a substance that requires only a small amount of exposure to be lethal |
| Inorganic compound | a chemical compound that that does not contain carbon chains |
| Mutagen | a chemical suspected to have properties that change or alter a living cell's genetic structure; mutagens can lead to cancer or birth defects if the egg or sperm is affected |
| Nuerotoxin | a poison that affects the nervous system |
| Organic Compound | a chemical compound that contains carbon chains |
| Organic peroxide | an organic comound that contains the bivalent -O-O- structrue and which can be considered to be a structural derivative of hydgrogen peroxide, where one or both of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by an organic radical |
| Oxidizer | a chemical that can initiate or promote combustion in other materials |
| pH | a measure of the amount of hydrogen ions in a solution that can react and indicate if a substance is an acid or base |
| Pyrophoric | a chemical that will ignite spontaneously in air at a temperature of 130 degrees F or below |
| Sensitizer | an agent that can cause an allergic reation |
| Teratogen | a substance believed to have an adverse effect on human fetus development |
| Toxic materials | a substance determined to have an adverse health impact |
| Water-reactive | any substance that reacts with water to release a gas that is either flammable or that presents a health hazard. |
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