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Cells
Cells Study Guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| organelles | tiny structures inside a cell |
| cell wall | a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds plant cells |
| cell membrane | surrounds the cell when there is no cell wall |
| nucleus | the control center of the cell |
| chromatin | thin strands that contain genetic material |
| cytoplasm | the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus |
| mitochondria | rod-shaped organelles that create energy |
| endoplasmic reticulum | a maze of passageways that carries protein from one cell to another |
| ribosomes | small, grainlike bodies that produce proteins |
| golgi bodies | collections of sacs and tubes that distribute proteins |
| chloroplasts | organelles that capture energy from the sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell |
| vacuole | a large sac that stores food and other materials in the cell |
| lysosomes | small, round structures that break down food and recycle old cell parts |
| prokaryotes | organisms whose cells lack a nucleus |
| eukaryotes | cells that have a nucleus |
| element | any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
| atom | the smallest unit of an element |
| compound | when two or more elements combine chemically, they form this |
| molecule | the smallest unit of most compounds |
| organic compounds | most compounds that contain carbons |
| inorganic compounds | compounds that do not contain the element carbon |
| carbohydrate | an energy-rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| proteins | large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and in some cases, sulfur |
| amino acids | small molecules that make protein |
| enzyme | a type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing |
| lipids | energy-rich organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| nucleic acids | very large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid that is passed from parent to offspring and directs all of the cell's functions |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins |
Created by:
coltonbinnion
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