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Os and As
origins, insertions and muscle actions
| Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Action |
|---|---|---|---|
| iliopsoas | O-lip of ilium, sacroiliac: lumbar and thoracic vertebrae | I-femur | A-hip flexion, lateal flexion of spine |
| Sartorius | O-iliac spine | I-tibia | knee flexion, hip abduction, lateral rotation and flexion |
| gluteus maximus | O-ilium, sacrum, coccyx, lumbar fascia | I-femur | hip extension, lateral rotation, adduction? |
| gluteus medius/maximus | O-ilium | I-femur | abduct thigh at hip, medial rotation of thigh |
| adductor (brevis, Magnus, longus) and pectineus | O-pubis and ischium | I-femur (posterior shaft) | adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh |
| Rectus Femoris | O-ilium | I-knee via patella tendon | hip flexion, knee extension |
| Vastus lateralis, medialis, intermedialis | O-femur | I-knee via patella tendon | knee extension |
| bicep femoris | O-ischium | I-tibia, fibula | knee flexion, hip extension |
| semimembranosus/semitendinosus | O-ischium | I-tibia | knee flexion, hip extension |
| tibialis anterior | O-tibia | I-first metatarsal | dorsi flexion and inversion of foot at intertarsal joint |
| gastrocnemius | O-femur | I-ankle via achilles tendon | plantar flexes foot, assists in knee flexion and dorsi flexion |
| soleus | O-tibia and fibula | I-ankle via achilles tendon | plantar flexion of foot |
| rectus abdominus | O-pubis | I-base of sternum, cartilage of ribs | lumbar flexion, lateral flexion, pelvic stabiliser |
| external obliques | O-lower ribs, side of chest-serratus anterior muscle | I-linea alba, ilium | lumbar flexion, compresses abdomen, rotation and lateral flexion when working unilaterally |
| internal obliques | O-lumbar fascia, ilium | I-thoracic and lumbar vertebrae | lumbar flexion, compresses abdomen, stabilizes spine, rotation and lateral flexion (unilaterally) |
| transverse abdominus | O-ilium, lumbar fascia, cartilages of inferior ribs, | I-linea alba and pubis | compresses abdomen |
| erector spinae | O-ilium and vetebral processess | I-vertebrae and ribs | extension and hyperextension of vertebrae, contraction on one side = lateral flexion and rotation |
| quadratus lumborum | O-upper lumbar vertebrae and lower rib | I-lumbar vertebrae | lateral flexion, stabilises lumbar spine, both sides together extends lumbar spine |
| multifidus | O-sacrum, ilium, lumbar, thoracic and cervical vertebrae | I-vertebral processess | together extends vertebrae, laterally flexes and rotates head to side opposite contracting muscles |
| sternoclediomastoid | O-sternum and clavicle | I-mastoid process | lateral flexion and rotation of head |
| scalenus | O-cervical vetebrae | I-upper 2 ribs | elevate rib cage, aids breathing |
| splenius | O-cervical vetebrae and 1s t3-4 ribs | I-mastoid process | extension and hyper extension |
| trapezius | O-cervical and thoracic vertebrae | I-clavicle, acromiom spine of scapula | elevate, adduct, retract, depresses and rotates scapula |
| rhomboids | O-cervical, and thoracic vertebrae | I-vertebral border of scapula | elevates, adducts and rotates scapula downwards (also stabilises) |
| serratus anterior | O-superior 8 or 9 ribs | I-vertebral border and inferior angle of scapula | abducts scapula and rotates scapula upwards, elevates ribs |
| pectoralis minor | O-ribs 3 to 5 | I-coracoid process of scapula | depresses, abducts scapula and rotates it down, elevates ribs 3-5 during forced inspiration |
| deltoids | O-Acromion process and clavicle, spine of scapula | I-top of humerus | abduction of shoulder, anterior - flexes and medially rotates arm at shldr, posterior- extend and laterally rotates arm |
| pectoralis major | O- clavicle, sternum, cartilages of ribs 2-6 | I-top of the humerus | horizontol adduction, flexion and medial rotation of arm at shoulder |
| lattissimus dorsi | O-inferior thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae sacrum and ilium, inferior 4 ribs | I-top of humerus laterally | extends, adducts medially rotates arm at shoulder, depresses shoulder girdle |
| rotator cuff (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor) | O-scapula fossas, and lateral border | I-top of humerus | subscapularis - medially rotates arm, supraspinatus - assists deltoids in abduction, infraspinatus - laterally rotates and adducts arm teres major - extension, adduction and medial rotation at shoulder |
| biceps brachii | O- supraglenoid tubercle and coracoid process of scapula | I- top of radius | flexes forearm at elbow, arm at shoulder, supinats forearm at radio ulna joint |
| brachialis | O- distal, anterior part of humerus | I-top of ulna | flexes forearm at elbow |
| brachioradialis | O-medial and lateral distal humerus | I-lateral and distally on radius | flexes, supinates and pronates forearm at elbow |
| triceps | O-long head - scapula above glenoid cavity, lateral/medial heads - humerus | I-olecranon of ulna | extends forearm at elbow, and arm at shoulder |
| Gracilis | O- pubis | I-tibia (medial condyle) |
Created by:
sidneybetty
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