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Aerosol Therapy Ex 2
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is bronchoconstriction? | Condition in which the lumen of the airways is decreased or constricted |
What are the three types of bronchoconstriction? | Bronchospasm, Mucosal Edema, Secretions |
What type of drug is used to treat bronchospasm? | Bronchodilators |
What type of drug is used to treat mucosal edema? | Corticosteroids |
What type of drug is used to treat secretions? | Mucolytics |
What are the sympathetic receptor sites? | Beta 1, Beta 2, Alpha |
What is the effect of stimulating the Beta 1 receptor? | Increased HR and force |
What is the effect of stimulating the Beta 2 receptor? | Bronchodilation |
What is the effect of stimulating the Alpha receptor? | Vasoconstriction |
What are the "Front Door Meds"? | Ultra Short Acting, SABA, LABA |
What are the Ultra Short Acting Beta Agonists? | Epinephrine (Adrenaline Chloride) and Racemic Epinephrine (Nephron, MicroNefrin, S-2) |
What are the SABAs? | Levalbuterol (Xopenex), Albuterol (Ventolin, Proventil), Metaproterenol (Alupent) |
What are the LABAs? | Salmeterol (Serevent), Arformoterol (Brovana), Formoterol (Foradil) |
What are the back door meds? | Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent), Tiotropium Bromide (Spiriva), Oxitropium Bromide (Oxivent) |
What are the side door meds? | Theophylline (Theo-Dur), Aminophylline, Caffeine Citrate (Cafcit) |
What is the SVN dosage for Ventolin? | 0.5 mL of a 0.5% solution (2.5 mg) QID |
What are the SVN dosages for Levalbuterol (Brovana)? | 0.31 mg/3 mL TID, 0.63 mg/ mL TID, 1.25 mg/3 mL TID |
Which bronchodilators can NOT be given via aerosol? | Xanthines |
What is the brand name for N-Acetylcysteine? | Mucomyst |
What is the mode of action for N-Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)? | Reduces viscosity of secretions by breaking disulfide bonds |
What are the % solutions for Mucomyst (N-Acetylcysteine)? | 10% and 20% |
What are corticosteroids used to treat? | Inflammation; reduce mucosal edema |
What are the adverse effects than can occur with aerosolized steroids? | Thrush |
What is the brand name for Budesonide? | Pulmicort |
What is the brand name for Flunisolide? | Aerobid |
What is the brand name for Cromolyn Sodium? | Intal |
What is the mode of action for Cromolyn Sodium? | Mast cell stabilizer (prevents degranulation or breakdown by thickening wall) |
What is Cromolyn Sodium used to treat? | Prophylactic asthma drug |
What is the composition of pulmonary surfactant? | 85% phospholipids, neutral lipids, proteins |
What is the function of pulmonary surfactant? | Reduce surface tension, increase pulmonary compliance, and prevent alveolar collapse (atelectasis) |
How is pulmonary surfactant normally produced? | Produced by alveolar type II cells, stimulated by yawning or sighing |
What are the surfactant replacement drugs? | Beractant (Survanta), Calfactant (Infasurf), Poractant Alfa (Curosurf) |
What solutions are used for bland aerosol (wetting agents)? | Isotonic/ Normal Saline (0.9%), Hypotonic Saline (0.45%), and Hypertonic Saline (3%) |
What is the proper breathing pattern to use during an SVN treatment? Why is this important? | Breath normally with an occasion deep breath and breath hold for 10 sec; improves deposition of medication |
What is the appropriate flow range for an SVN? | 6-10 LPM |
When should the canister be activated when giving an MDI? | At the start of inspiration |
How can you tell if the MDI is empty? | Place in a bowl of water, if empty, it will float on its side |
What is a spacer used for? | To improve medication delivery |
What is the normal range for pH? | 7.35-7.45 |
What is the normal range for PaCO2? | 35-45 mmHg |
What is the normal range for HCO3-? | 22-26 mEq/L |
What is the normal range for PaO2? | 80-100 mmHg |