Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Final MDA Smith
| Drug | Class/Indication | Mechanism of action | Extra Info |
|---|---|---|---|
| NaHCO3 | GI (antacid) | Acid neutralizing agents | Pay attention to Na levels; can release CO2 |
| CaCO3 | GI (antacid) | Release CO2 to increase pH to cause a metabolic alkalosis | Too much can cause rebound acid production |
| Al(OH)3 | GI (antacid) | Acid neutralizing agents | not aborbed; problem with patients with renal failure because they cannot filter out easily |
| Mg(OH)2 | GI (antacid) | Acid neutralizing agents | more aborbed than Al; problem with patients with renal failure because they cannot filter out easily |
| Charcoal | GI (Antiflatulents) | XXX | XXX |
| Simethicone | GI (Antiflatulents) | XXX | silicone polymer |
| Cimetidine | GI (H2-Receptor Antagonists) | Inhibit histamin receptors to block acid production | many drug interaction; useful for GERD and SRMD |
| Ranitidine | GI (H2-Receptor Antagonists) | Inhibit histamin receptors to block acid production | many drug interaction; useful for GERD and SRMD |
| Famotidine | GI (H2-Receptor Antagonists) | Inhibit histamin receptors to block acid production | many drug interaction; useful for GERD and SRMD |
| Nizatidine | GI (H2-Receptor Antagonists) | Inhibit histamin receptors to block acid production | many drug interaction; useful for GERD and SRMD |
| Omeprazole | GI (PPI) | irreversibly inhibit proton pumps to decrease acid secretion | more effective than H2-Receptor Antagonists; 2-5d delayed effects |
| Lansoprazole | GI (PPI) | irreversibly inhibit proton pumps to decrease acid secretion | more effective than H2-Receptor Antagonists; 2-5d delayed effects |
| Rabeprazole | GI (PPI) | irreversibly inhibit proton pumps to decrease acid secretion | more effective than H2-Receptor Antagonists; 2-5d delayed effects |
| Pantoprazole | GI (PPI) | irreversibly inhibit proton pumps to decrease acid secretion | more effective than H2-Receptor Antagonists; 2-5d delayed effects |
| Esomeprazole | GI (PPI) | irreversibly inhibit proton pumps to decrease acid secretion | more effective than H2-Receptor Antagonists; 2-5d delayed effects |
| Sucralfate | GI (Mucosal Protective Agent) | activated by stomach acid, binds to ulcers, becomes a barrier | better affinity for duodenal ulcers |
| Bismuth salts | GI (Mucosal Protective Agent) | activated by stomach acid, binds to ulcers, becomes a barrier | may decrease the action of H. pylori in peptic ulcer disease |
| Misoprostol | GI (Mucosal Protective Agent) | analog of prostaglandin E1 - decrease stomach acid production | may increase mucous and bicarbonate secetion; contraindicated in pregnancy (uterine contraction) |
| Alginic Acid | GI (Mucosal Protective Agent) | floats to the surface of the gastric contents and protects the esophagus from gastric acid | polymer from seaweed; component of antacids; used for GERD |
| Metoclopramide | GI (Gastric Motility promoting) | 5-HT4 agonist and dopamine antagonist --> stimulates myenteric Ach release --> increasing gastric motility | XXX |
| Cisapride | GI (Gastric Motility promoting) | 5-HT4 agonist --> stimulates myenteric Ach release --> increasing gastric motility | restricted use due to toxicity |
| Erythromycin | GI (Gastric Motility promoting) | stimulates motilin receptors | increased gastric emptying but increased incident of diarrhea |
| Benzodiazepines | GI (Antiemetic) | anxiolytic effect reduces anticipatory N/V | XXX |
| Dexamethazone | GI (Antiemetic) | XXX | effective adjunct in tx of N/V in chemo regimens |
| Dronabinol | GI (Antiemetic) | antiemetic effect is primarily central (CTZ) through CB1 agonist | major ingredient in marijuana; stimulates appetite; inhalation is better |
| Phosphorated carbohydrate solution | GI (Antiemetic) | reduce smooth muscle contraction | maybe a good alternative to antiemetic drugs in pregnancy |
| Metoclopramide | GI (Antiemetic) | dopaminergic antagonists | high doses --> Parkinson's like symptoms --> respiratory paralysis -->death |
| Prochlorperazine | GI (Antiemetic) | Antihistamine/ antimuscarinic | high doses --> Parkinson's like symptoms --> respiratory paralysis -->death |
| Promethazine | GI (Antiemetic) | Antihistamine/ antimuscarinic | high effects of both Antihistamine/ antimuscarinic |
| Meclizine | GI (Antiemetic) | Antihistamine/ antimuscarinic | used for vestibular problems or motion sickness |
| Hydroxyzine | GI (Antiemetic) | Antihistamine/ antimuscarinic | high antimuscarinic activity; can decrease GI spasms |
| Diphenhydramine | GI (Antiemetic) | Antihistamine/ antimuscarinic | high effects of both Antihistamine/ antimuscarinic |
| Ondansetron | GI (Antiemetic) | 5-HT3 Antagonists | Antagonize 5-HT-mediatd N/V centrally and peripherally |
| Dolasetron | GI (Antiemetic) | 5-HT3 Antagonists | Antagonize 5-HT-mediatd N/V centrally and peripherally |
| Granisetron | GI (Antiemetic) | 5-HT3 Antagonists | Antagonize 5-HT-mediatd N/V centrally and peripherally |
| Palonosetron | GI (Antiemetic) | 5-HT3 Antagonists | Antagonize 5-HT-mediatd N/V centrally and peripherally |
| Aprepitant | GI (Substance P/NK1 antagonist) | reduces vomiting associated with activation of these receptors | useful in emetogenic chemo; PO; used with 5-HT3 antagonists and dexamethasone |
| Castor Oil | GI (Stimulant Laxatives) | ricinoleic acid increases intestinal motility | Used for bowel preparation and intermittent with in OTC products; avoid id pregnant (unterine contractions); maybe dependent |
| Cascara | GI (Stimulant Laxatives) | plant alkaloids that stimulate colonic motility | Used for bowel preparation and intermittent with in OTC products; avoid id pregnant (unterine contractions); maybe dependent |
| Senna | GI (Stimulant Laxatives) | plant alkaloids that stimulate colonic motility | Used for bowel preparation and intermittent with in OTC products; avoid id pregnant (unterine contractions); maybe dependent |
| Bisacodyl | GI (Stimulant Laxatives) | synthetic colonic stimulant | Used for bowel preparation and intermittent with in OTC products; avoid id pregnant (unterine contractions); maybe dependent |
| Psyllium seed | GI (Bulk Forming Laxative) | increase intralumenal fluid indirectly stimulating peristalsis | strepoorly absorbed electrolytes cause water to rush in GI and have aggressive fluid evacuation |
| Methylcellulose | GI (Bulk Forming Laxative) | increase intralumenal fluid indirectly stimulating peristalsis | strepoorly absorbed electrolytes cause water to rush in GI and have aggressive fluid evacuation |
| Bran | GI (Bulk Forming Laxative) | increase intralumenal fluid indirectly stimulating peristalsis | strepoorly absorbed electrolytes cause water to rush in GI and have aggressive fluid evacuation |
| Saline Cathartics GI (Bulk Forming Laxative) | increase intralumenal fluid indirectly stimulating peristalsis | strepoorly absorbed electrolytes cause water to rush in GI and have aggressive fluid evacuation | |
| Sorbitol | GI (Bulk Forming Laxative) | increase intralumenal fluid indirectly stimulating peristalsis | strepoorly absorbed electrolytes cause water to rush in GI and have aggressive fluid evacuation |
| PEG solutions | GI (Bulk Forming Laxative) | increase intralumenal fluid indirectly stimulating peristalsis | strepoorly absorbed electrolytes cause water to rush in GI and have aggressive fluid evacuation |
| Lactulose | GI (Bulk Forming Laxative) | increase intralumenal fluid indirectly stimulating peristalsis | strepoorly absorbed electrolytes cause water to rush in GI and have aggressive fluid evacuation |
| Mineral oil | GI (Stool Softeners) | Emulsification of intralumenal contents reduces pressure for defecation (esp in cardiac rehab and diverticula) | not recommended for elderly because if can be absorbed and get mineral oil occlusion |
| Glycerin suppositories | GI (Stool Softeners) | Emulsification of intralumenal contents reduces pressure for defecation (esp in cardiac rehab and diverticula) | not recommended for elderly because if can be absorbed and get mineral oil occlusion |
| Docusate | GI (Stool Softeners) | Emulsification of intralumenal contents reduces pressure for defecation (esp in cardiac rehab and diverticula) | not recommended for elderly because if can be absorbed and get mineral oil occlusion |
| Diphenoxylate | GI (Antidiarrheal) | XXX | opiate - contains atropine to prevent abuse |
| Loperamide | GI (Antidiarrheal) | opiate receptor agonist (enteric opiate receptors reduce peristalsis) | can not be abused |
| Bismuth subsalicylate | GI (Antidiarrheal) | may inhibit binding of enteric E. coli toxins to mucosa | dark coloration of tongue and feces is due to sulfide formation |
| Octreotide | GI (Antidiarrheal) | inhibits secretory peptide release by pancreatic tumors and those assoiciated with hypersecretory disorders | XXX |
| 5-ASA or Mesalamine | GI (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) | 5-ASA to the colon as an anti-inflammatory agent | amino acid derivative of asprin; waits to be released unitl it gets to lower bowel |
| Sulfasalazine | GI (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) | 5-ASA to the colon as an anti-inflammatory agent | pro-drug of the amino acid derivative of asprin |
| Olsalazine | GI (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) | 5-ASA to the colon as an anti-inflammatory agent | pro-drug of the amino acid derivative of asprin |
| Balsalazide | GI (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) | 5-ASA to the colon as an anti-inflammatory agent | pro-drug of the amino acid derivative of asprin |
| Hydrocortisone/ steroids | GI (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) | Immunosuppresants | given as retention enema/foam; reduces systemic effects |
| Azathioprine | GI (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) | Immunosuppresants; inhibit the inflammation and minimice hematologic effects | cytotoxic drug; low doses avoid bone marrow suppression |
| Mercaptopurine | GI (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) | Immunosuppresants; inhibit the inflammation and minimice hematologic effects | cytotoxic drug; low doses avoid bone marrow suppression |
| Infliximab | GI (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) | Immunosuppresants; monoclonal antibody against TNF-alpha | mediator of he granulomatous inflammatory process in Chron's Disease |
| Alosetron | GI (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) | 5-HT3 Antagonists for diarrhea prominent IBS | Restricted use due to ischemic colitic; shuts down normal vascular circulation in gut |
| Tegaserod | GI (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) | 5-HT4 agonist for constipation prominent IBS | Side effect: diarrhea |
| Orlistat | GI (Enteric Lipase Inhibitor) | inihibts enteric lipase resulting in decreased fat absorption | for wieght loss, reduces fat soluble vitmain absorption, increase defecation with fatty stool |
| Lubiprostone | GI (Idiopathic Constipation) | activates Cl channel --> increases Cl and water in LI lumen | no significant absorption and effect on serum fluid and electrolytes; avoid when pregnant |
| Alvimopan | GI (Postoperative Ileus) | Mu antagonist with selectivity for enteric receptors (esp. effects on intestinal contraction) | not for use in opiate dependent patients --> opiate withdrawl |
| Dietary Calcium and Vitamin D | Osteoporosis | enhance calcium absorption and inhibit PTH | reduces bone turnover |
| Raloxifene | Osteoporosis | Estrogen receptor agonist | increases osteoblastic differentiation; estrogen replacment works in the same way |
| teriperitide | Osteoporosis | Recombinant PTH; stimulates bone remodeling with osteoblastic enhancement | pure PTH is counter-productive due to the loss of Ca |
| Calcitonin | Osteoporosis | inhibits osteoclastic activity | good for advanced cases |
| Fluoride Osteoporosis | low levels enhance bone mass; increase osteoblasts | high levels inhibit osteoblastic activity | |
| Alendronate | Osteoporosis (Bisphosphonate) | inhibition of cholesterol sythesis in osteoclasts | high affinity for Ca in bone matrix; long half life; chronic treatment enhances bone mass |
| Ibandronate | Osteoporosis (Bisphosphonate) | inhibition of cholesterol sythesis in osteoclasts | high affinity for Ca in bone matrix; long half life; chronic treatment enhances bone mass |
| Pamidronate | Osteoporosis (Bisphosphonate) | inhibition of cholesterol sythesis in osteoclasts | high affinity for Ca in bone matrix; long half life; chronic treatment enhances bone mass |
| Tiludronate | Osteoporosis (Bisphosphonate) | induction of apoptosis in osteoclasts due to phosphorylation of the drug | high affinity for Ca in bone matrix; long half life; chronic treatment enhances bone mass |
| Etidronate | Osteoporosis (Bisphosphonate) | induction of apoptosis in osteoclasts due to phosphorylation of the drug | high affinity for Ca in bone matrix; long half life; chronic treatment enhances bone mass |
| Risedronate | Osteoporosis (Bisphosphonate) | inhibition of cholesterol sythesis in osteoclasts | high affinity for Ca in bone matrix; long half life; chronic treatment enhances bone mass |
| Zoledronate | Osteoporosis (Bisphosphonate) | inhibition of cholesterol sythesis in osteoclasts | high affinity for Ca in bone matrix; long half life; chronic treatment enhances bone mass |
| Saline Diuresis | Hypercalcemia | ??? | follow by furosemide b/c enhances Ca excretion; only use if good renal function |
| IV Bisphosphonate | Hypercalcemia | inhibition of cholesterol sythesis in osteoclasts | only use if there is a tumor |
| Calcitonin | Hypercalcemia | inhibits osteoclastic activity | for acute cases |
| Phosphate | Hypercalcemia | XXX | for extreme cases when there is no renal function ; can get reabsorbed --> renal stones |
| Erythropoietin | Hematopoietic Agent (Normochromic, Normocytic Anemia) | Stimulates burst forming units and late progenitor cells to amplify and commit to erythrocyte production, required for red cell production | Produced by peritubular kidney cells in response to hypoxemia; used in chemotherapy, renal failure |
| Darbepoetin | Hematopoietic Agent (Normochromic, Normocytic Anemia) | Stimulates burst forming units and late progenitor cells to amplify and commit to erythrocyte production, required for red cell production | Erythropoietin analog, has greater half-life (allows less frequent administration); used in chemotherapy, renal failure |
| Ferrous Sulfate | Hematopoietic Agent (Microcytic, Hypochromic anemia) | Replaces Iron deficiency (if absorption is not a problem) | Used for microcytic, hypochromic anemia (monitored by plasma iron, ferritin, transferrin), oral |
| Sodium Ferric Gluconate Complex | Hematopoietic Agent (Microcytic, Hypochromic anemia) | Replaces Iron deficiency (if absorption is a problem) | Used for microcytic, hypochromic anemia (monitored by plasma iron, ferritin, transferrin), parenteral |
| Iron Sucrose | Hematopoietic Agent (Microcytic, Hypochromic anemia) | Replaces Iron deficiency (if absorption is a problem) | Used for microcytic, hypochromic anemia (monitored by plasma iron, ferritin, transferrin), parenteral |
| Iron Dextran | Hematopoietic Agent (Microcytic, Hypochromic anemia) | Replaces Iron deficiency (if absorption is a problem) | Used for microcytic, hypochromic anemia (monitored by plasma iron, ferritin, transferrin), parenteral, used by Z-technique (has high-frequency of allergic reactions) |
| Deferoxamine | Iron Chelator | Chelates plasma iron and filters it out | Removes excess plasma iron |
| Vitamin B6 | Hematopoietic Agent (pyridoxin anemia) | Replace vitamin B6 to treat hemoglobin synthesis being impaired and iron accumulating inside the mitochondria, which results in an increase in sideroblasts in the circulation | Anemia can occur in malnourished individuals or people with tuberculosis (on pyrazinamide and isoniazid treatment) |
| Vitamin B12 (oral) | Hematopoietic Agent (pernicious anemia) | Replace vitamin B12 in cases of malnutrition | Hematological manifestations of deficiency include megaloblastic anemia (large erythrocytic precursors in circulation), can have myelin degeneration |
| Vitamin B12 (parenteral) | Hematopoietic Agent (pernicious anemia) | Replace vitamin B12 in cases of malabsorption (absence of intrinsic factor) of B12 from the ileum | Hematological manifestations of deficiency include megaloblastic anemia (large erythrocytic precursors in circulation), can have myelin degeneration; is intranasal, SC, IM |
| Folic Acid | Hematopoietic Agent (megaloblastic anemia) | Required for replication for purine biosynthesis | Myelin degeneration will not occur & will not correct neurological deficit produced by Vitamin B12 deficiency, recommended during pregnancy |
| G-CSF | Hematopoietic Agent (Neutrophil deficiency) | Stimulates proliferation & differentiation of progenitors committed to neutrophil production; activates & prolongs life of circulating neutrophils, mobilizes stem cells into peripheral blood | Treats neutropenia in chemotherapy, allows for extraction of blood and stem cells |
| G-CSF Pegylated | Hematopoietic Agent (Neutrophil deficiency) | Stimulates proliferation & differentiation of progenitors committed to neutrophil production; activates & prolongs life of circulating neutrophils, mobilizes stem cells into peripheral blood | Treats neutropenia in chemo, allows for extraction of blood & stem cells, pegylation increases bulk of protein (by using glycades), decreasing ability to be degraded & requiring less frequent administration |
| Sargramostim (GM-CSF) | Hematopoietic Agent (Neutrophil deficiency) | Induce Recovery of Neutrophils | Useful in chemo and as an adjunct for bone marrow & stem cell transplantation |
| Oprelvekin (IL-11) | Hematopoietic Agent (Platelet Production) | Stimulates Megakaryocytic precursors | Increases platelet production, useful for thrombocytopenia secondary to chemotherapy |
| Heparin | Anticoagulant | Accelerates binding antithrombin III to thrombin (IIa) and Xa, resulting in delayed clot formation (process accelerated 1000x) | Instantaneous, monitored by aPTT, parenteral, cleared by reticuloendothelial system, prevent/treat pulmonary embolism & deep venous thrombosis, can induce thrombocytopenia or heparin-induced thromboembolism |
| Protamine | Heparin Overdose | Inactivates circulating heparin (does not inactive LMW heparins) | Given in 1:1 complex, alone can act as anti-coagulant |
| Desirudin | Anticoagulant (Thrombin Inhibitor) | Direct antithrombin effect independent of antithrombin III | Related to hirudin, can be monitored by aPTT, can replace heparin if adverse rxn occurs, prevent deep vein thrombosis |
| Lepirudin | Anticoagulant (Thrombin Inhibitor) | Direct antithrombin effect independent of antithrombin III | Related to hirudin, can be monitored by aPTT, can replace heparin if adverse rxn occurs, for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia/thromboembolism |
| Bivalirudin | Anticoagulant (Thrombin Inhibitor) | Direct antithrombin effect independent of antithrombin III | Related to hirudin, can be monitored by aPTT, can replace heparin if adverse rxn occurs, for unstable angina (undergoing angioplasty) |
| Argatroban | Anticoagulant (Thrombin Inhibitor) | Direct antithrombin effect independent of antithrombin III | Related to hirudin, can be monitored by aPTT, can replace heparin if adverse rxn occurs, for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia/thromboembolism |
| Dalteparin | Anticoagulant (LMW Heparin) | Accelerates binding antithrombin III to thrombin (IIa) and Xa, resulting in delayed clot formation, but more selective for Xa | Not require aPTT monitoring, treat acute venous thromboembolism & acute coronary syndrome, less likely to produce thrombocytopenia |
| Enoxaparin | Anticoagulant (LMW Heparin) | Accelerates binding antithrombin III to thrombin (IIa) and Xa, resulting in delayed clot formation, but more selective for Xa | Not require aPTT monitoring, treat acute venous thromboembolism & acute coronary syndrome, less likely to produce thrombocytopenia |
| Tinzaparin | Anticoagulant (LMW Heparin) | Accelerates binding antithrombin III to thrombin (IIa) and Xa, resulting in delayed clot formation, but more selective for Xa | Not require aPTT monitoring, treat acute venous thromboembolism & acute coronary syndrome, less likely to produce thrombocytopenia |
| Ximelagatran | Anticoagulant (Direct Thrombin Inhibitors) | Direct antithrombin effect independent of antithrombin III (orally active) | Not approved in US, resulted in liver toxicity and bleeding, others in development to replace warfarin |
| Fondaparinux | Anticoagulant (Factor Xa Inhibitor) | Selective inactivation of Xa with antithrombin III | For prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis; SC or IV |
| Warfarin | Anticoagulant | Antagonizes the vitamin K dependent carboxylation of Factor II, VII, IX, X, as well as anticoagulant proteins C & S (orally effective) | Protein C & S are natural anti-coagulating proteins, monitored by prothrombin time adjusted to INR, takes 3-5 days to work (use LMW heparins until start to work), many drug interactions occur due to competition for binding |
| Vitamin K1 | Warfarin Overdose | Bypasses reduction step, allowing carboxylation to occur, forming prothrombin | Antagonizes bleeding |
| Urokinase | Thrombolytic Agent | Directly converts plasminogen to plasmin | Not fibrin specific, can induce fibrinogen degradation independent of fibrin, occurs anywhere through circulation |
| Alteplase | Thrombolytic Agent (tissue plasminogen activator) | Converts plasminogen to plasmin in the presence of fibrin | May lose fibrin specificity at high doses (lead to systemiclytic state), bleeding is common |
| Reteplase | Thrombolytic Agent (tissue plasminogen activator) | Converts plasminogen to plasmin in the presence of fibrin | May lose fibrin specificity at high doses (lead to systemiclytic state), bleeding is common |
| Tenecteplase | Thrombolytic Agent (tissue plasminogen activator) | Converts plasminogen to plasmin in the presence of fibrin | May lose fibrin specificity at high doses (lead to systemiclytic state), bleeding is common |
| Drotrecogin | Thrombolytic Agent (Recombinant Human Activated Protein C) | Replaces Protein C consumed in severe sepsis | Rarely used with warfarin, used to manage coagulopathy |
| Aspirin | Antiplatelet Agent | Inhibits Cyclooxygenase-mediated synthesis of thromboxane A2 via irreversible acylation of enzyme | Anucleated platelets cannot generate new enzyme, long lasting antiplatlet effect, bleeding & allergies are problem |
| Ticlopidine | Antiplatelet Agent (ADP Antagonist) | irreversibly bind to ADP receptor on platelets, inhibiting aggregation | For oral administration |
| Clopidogrel | Antiplatelet Agent (ADP Antagonist) | irreversibly bind to ADP receptor on platelets, inhibiting aggregation | For oral administration |
| Cilostazol | Antiplatelet Agent (PDE III Inhibitor) | Inhibition of phosphodiesterase resulting in increased cAMP and inhibition of aggregation & vasodilation | Orally administered, useful for intermittent claudication (pain in lower extremities due to walking) |
| Abciximab | Antiplatelet Agent (IIb/IIIa antagonist) | Monoclonal antibody against IIb/IIIa complex (site of fibrinogen binding to platelets) | IV administration, for acute coronary syndrome & primary prophylaxis of restenosis in angioplasty |
| Eptifibatide | Antiplatelet Agent (IIb/IIIa antagonist) | Monoclonal antibody against IIb/IIIa complex (site of fibrinogen binding to platelets) | IV administration, for acute coronary syndrome & primary prophylaxis of restenosis in angioplasty |
| Tirofiban | Antiplatelet Agent (IIb/IIIa antagonist) | Monoclonal antibody against IIb/IIIa complex (site of fibrinogen binding to platelets) | IV administration, for acute coronary syndrome & primary prophylaxis of restenosis in angioplasty |
| Dipyridamole | Antiplatelet Agent | Inhibits cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and reuptake of adenosine (reduce platelet aggregation and activity) | For prevention of postoperative thromboembolic complications of cardiac valve replacement |
| Anagrelide | Antiplatelet Agent | Selectively reduces platelet counts by reduction in megakaryocyte maturation | Inhibits platelet aggregation, oral, for thrombocythemia |
| Cholestyramine | Hypolipidemic Agent (Bile Acid-Binding Resin) | Non-absorbable cationic exchange resin which binds bile acids in the gut and eliminates them through the feces, interference w/enterohepatic circulation of bile acids produces a cholesterol-lowering effect | Bile acid go to feces, enterohepatic cholesterol lowers, liver take cholesterol from periphery, lowers LDL, cholesterol enters liver to produce bile acids |
| Colestipol | Hypolipidemic Agent (Bile Acid-Binding Resin) | Non-absorbable cationic exchange resin which binds bile acids in the gut and eliminates them through the feces, interference w/enterohepatic circulation of bile acids produces a cholesterol-lowering effect | Bile acid go to feces, enterohepatic cholesterol lowers, liver take cholesterol from periphery, lowers LDL, cholesterol enters liver to produce bile acids |
| Colesevelam | Hypolipidemic Agent (Bile Acid-Binding Resin) | Non-absorbable cationic exchange resin which binds bile acids in the gut and eliminates them through the feces, interference w/enterohepatic circulation of bile acids produces a cholesterol-lowering effect | Bile acid go to feces, enterohepatic cholesterol lowers, liver take cholesterol from periphery, lowers LDL, cholesterol enters liver to produce bile acids |
| Niacin | Hypolipidemic Agent | Decreases the hepatic esterification of triglycerides and reduction in VLDL, excreted as inactive metabolite & as unchanged drug in urine | Lowers cholesterol & triglycerides at doses much greater than vitamin requirement, can prevent itching and vasodilation w/aspirin, liver function testing necessary |
| Gemfibrozil | Hypolipidemic Agent (Fibric Acid derivative) | Ligand of PPAR-alpha; reduces VLDL particle secretion from liver through increased oxidation | Better tolerated than Niacin, increases lipoprotein activity (decrease VLDL triglycerides), increase HDL cholelithiasis risk |
| Fenofibrate | Hypolipidemic Agent (Fibric Acid derivative) | Ligand of PPAR-alpha; reduces VLDL particle secretion from liver through increased oxidation | Better tolerated than Niacin, increases lipoprotein activity (decrease VLDL triglycerides), increase HDL cholelithiasis risk |
| Atorvastatin | Hypolipidemic Agent (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor) | Inhibit HMG-CoA Reductase, decreasing production of cholesterol in the liver; LDL is pulled out of the periphery to increase enterohepatic cholesterol | Metabolized by CYP3A4 & 2C9 (increase risk of drug interaction), most effective agent at lowering LDL, may have anti-inflammatory effect, high first pass extraction by liver |
| Fluvastatin | Hypolipidemic Agent (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor) | Inhibit HMG-CoA Reductase, decreasing production of cholesterol in the liver; LDL is pulled out of the periphery to increase enterohepatic cholesterol | Metabolized by CYP3A4 & 2C9 (increase risk of drug interaction), most effective agent at lowering LDL, may have anti-inflammatory effect, high first pass extraction by liver |
| Lovastatin | Hypolipidemic Agent (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor) | Inhibit HMG-CoA Reductase, decreasing production of cholesterol in the liver; LDL is pulled out of the periphery to increase enterohepatic cholesterol | Metabolized by CYP3A4 & 2C9 (increase risk of drug interaction), most effective agent at lowering LDL, may have anti-inflammatory effect, high first pass extraction by liver |
| Pravastatin | Hypolipidemic Agent (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor) | Inhibit HMG-CoA Reductase, decreasing production of cholesterol in the liver; LDL is pulled out of the periphery to increase enterohepatic cholesterol | Metabolized by CYP3A4 & 2C9 (increase risk of drug interaction), most effective agent at lowering LDL, may have anti-inflammatory effect, high first pass extraction by liver |
| Rosuvastatin | Hypolipidemic Agent (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor) | Inhibit HMG-CoA Reductase, decreasing production of cholesterol in the liver; LDL is pulled out of the periphery to increase enterohepatic cholesterol | Metabolized by CYP3A4 & 2C9 (increase risk of drug interaction), most effective agent at lowering LDL, may have anti-inflammatory effect, high first pass extraction by liver |
| Simvastatin | Hypolipidemic Agent (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor) | Inhibit HMG-CoA Reductase, decreasing production of cholesterol in the liver; LDL is pulled out of the periphery to increase enterohepatic cholesterol | Metabolized by CYP3A4 & 2C9 (increase risk of drug interaction), most effective agent at lowering LDL, may have anti-inflammatory effect, high first pass extraction by liver |
| Zetia | Hypolipidemic Agent (Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor) | Inhibits absorption of cholesterol (transporter protein interaction) from jejunal intestine, reducing circulating cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides | Synthesis and reuptake of cholesterol are blocked synergistically when agent is combined with a statin |
| Fomepizole | Alcohol poisoning | inhibits the conversion of alcohols to aldehydes | if not avail. use ethanol for methanol poisoning |
| Disulturam | Ethanol aversion | inhibitor of acetaldehyde deHase generally without effects in absence of alcohol | will make the patient sick if they consume alcohol |
Created by:
clamattina
Popular Pharmacology sets