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vettechpharm
chapter 12 penicillins in general
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| when was penicillin developed | 1940s |
| many penicillin formulations may "__________" and must be ______ before use | "settle out", shaken |
| when oral preps of penicillins are reconstitued, it is important to add appropriate amts of ____ so that ______ does not occur | water |
| many oral preps of penicillins are stable for only ___ to ____ days | 7-14 |
| most penicillin formulations must be stored... | in fridge |
| absorption of most orally administered penicillins takes place in the _______ and _______ | stomach |
| ______ are the primary organs for excretion of penicillins | kidneys |
| penicillins bin reversibly with.... | enzymes outside the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane |
| the enzymes that bind reversibly with penicillins are called | penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) |
| what are PBPs involved in? | cell wall synthesis and cell division |
| some bacteria produce penicillinase AKA | beta-lactamase |
| beta-lactamase increases the resistance of bacteria by... | converting penicillin to inactive penicillic acid |
| pencillins are usually very effective against what kind of bacteria? | gram-positive |
| which kind of bacteria have an outer membrane around the cell wall that limits PBP permeability | gram-negative |
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