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Med Gases Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is standard working pressure? | 50 psig |
| What are the four types of hypoxia? | Anemic, Hypoxic, Histoxic, Circulatory |
| What causes Histoxic Hypoxia? | Cyanide poisoning (tissues have an impaired ability to metabolize oxygen) |
| What causes Anemic Hypoxia? | Anemia/ Hemorrhage (Oxygen carrying capacity of Hgb in inadequate) |
| What causes Hypoxic Hypoxia? | Caused by low arterial oxygen tension (PaO2); hypoventilation, high altitude, V/Q mistmatch, diffusion impairment, pulmonary shunting |
| What causes Circulatory Hypoxia? | Inadequate blood flow to the tissues, commonly cause by; slow or stagnant (pooling) peripheral blood flow, arterial-venous shunts |
| How do you calculate tank/cylinder duration time? | Gauge pressure (psig) x factor / flow lpm = min left in tank |
| What is SaO2? | Saturation of oxygen in arterial blood |
| What is SpO2? | Measured by a pulse oximeter; can not distinguished O2 from CO |
| What is PaO2? | Partial pressure of arterial oxygen; measured by ABG, MOST ACCURATE |
| What are the three Safety Index Connector Systems? | American Standard Safety System (ASSS), Pin Index Safety System (PISS), Diameter Index Safety System (DISS) |
| What is the American Standard Safety System (ASSS) used for? | Large cylinders and their attachments (larger than E); uses different thread pitches |
| What is the Pin Index Safety System (PISS) used for? | Small cylinders and their attachments (E tank or smaller); no threaded connection; uses a pin system? |
| In the Pin Index Safety System, what pin holes are used for oxygen? | 2 and 5 |
| In the Pin Index Safety System, what pin holes are used for compressed air? | 1 and 5 |
| What is the Diameter Index Safety System used for? | Low pressure gas connectors <200 psig; male/female type matching system; found in outlets of pressure reducing valves on cylinders, wall outlets, inlets to flowmeters, nebulizers, and ventilators |
| What is the tank factor for an H (or K) tank? | 3.14 |
| What is the tank factor for a G tank? | 2.41 |
| What is the tank factor for an E tank? | 0.28 |
| What is a zone valve? | Located throughout a facility, used to shut off gas flow in the event of a fire or maintenance |
| What are the factors affecting the accuracy of a pulse oximeter? | Sensor alignment, lighting, low perfusion, motion artifact, darkly pigmented patient, painted nails, significant levels of COHb or MEtHB |
| What are the five O2 delivery devices? | Nasal cannula, simple mask, partial rebreather mask, non-rebreathing mask, venti mask |
| What is the liter flow of a nasal cannula? | 1/4 - 6 LPM |
| What is the FiO2 capacity for a nasal cannula? | 24-44% |
| What is the liter flow for a simple mask? | 5-10 LPM |
| What is the FiO2 capacity for a simple mask? | 35-55% |
| Why must a simple mask be kept at a minimum of 5 LPM? | To prevent the patient from rebreathing CO2 |
| What is the liter flow of a partial rebreathing mask? | 10-15 LPM |
| What is the FiO2 capacity for a partial rebreathing mask? | 60-80% |
| Why must a partial rebreathing and a non rebreathing mask be kept at a minimum of 10 LPM? | Keep bag inflated |
| What is the liter flow for a non-rebreather mask? | 10-15 LPM |
| What is the FiO2 capacity for a non-rebreather mask? | 80-100% |
| What is the liter flow for a Venti Mask? | Variable |
| What is the FiO2 capacity for a venti mask? | 24-50% |
| What are the characteristics of Oxygen (O2)? | Colorless, odorless, transparent, and tasteless; greatly accelerates combustion |
| How do you calculate FiO2 of a nasal cannula when given the flow? | 4 x liter flow + 20 = FiO2 |
| What color is an oxygen tank? | Green |
| What color is a compressed air tank? | Yellow |
| What color is a carbon dioxide tank? | Gray |
| What color is a helium tank? | Brown |
| What color is a nitrous oxide tank? | Light blue |
| What color is a cyclopropane tank? | Orange |
| What color is an ethylene oxide tank? | Red |
| What color is a nitrogen tank? | Black |
| What color is a heliox tank? | Brown shoulder with a green body |
| What color is a carbogen tank? | Gray shoulder with a green body |
| What are the signs of hypoxemia? | Tachycardia (first sign), hypertension, dizziness, mental confusion |
| What are the hazards associated with helium? | Does not support life, 100% can cause suffocation |
| What are the therapeutic uses for helium? | Used for PFTs and anesthesia, can be mixed with O2 to treat upper airway obstruction and status asthmaticus |
| What are the mixtures for Heliox? | 80/20 - 1.8, 70/30 - 1.6, 60/40 - 1.4 |
| What is polycythemia? | Increased RBCs |
| What causes polycythemia? | Chronic hypoxemia |
| Where does internal respiration take place? | In the tissues |
| Where does external respiration take place? | In the lungs |
| What are the three types of gases? | Anesthetic, Laboratory, and Therapeutic |
| What are Laboratory gases used for? | Used for equipment calibration and diagnostic testing |
| What are therapeutic gases used for? | Used to relieve the symptoms and improve oxygenation in patients with hypoxemia |
| What are anesthetic gases used for? | Combined with oxygen to provide anesthesia during surgery |
| What is the maximum amount of time for 100% O2 on a non-rebreather mask? | 24 hrs |
| What is the purpose of "cracking" the tank? | Clear dust and debris from port |
| What is the proper use of a non-breather mask? | Used in emergencies, short term therapy requiring high FiO2 (80-100%); Flow of 10-15 LPM to keep bag inflated |
| What is the most accurate way to assess a patient's oxygenation? | ABG: PaO2 |
| What are the effects of oxygen toxicity? | Substernal pain, cough (sometimes uncontrollable), dyspnea, anxiety, numbness, lung damage |
| What is Cheyne-Stoke's respirations? | Gradually increased and decrease of respirations with periods of apnea |
| What is Biot's respiratory? | Increased and decreased of respirations with abrupt pauses |
| What is Kussmaul's respirations? | Respirations associated commonly with Diabetic Ketoacidosis |
| What are the two types of oxygen concentrators? | Molecular sieve concentrators and membrane concentrators |
| What is the FiO2 capability of a molecular sieve concentrator? | >90% O2 |
| What is the FiO2 capability of a membrane concentrator? | Approx 40% O2 |
| What are the types of oxygen analyzers? | Physical/ paramagnetic, electric, and electrochemical (polarographic/ galvanic fuel cell) - most common |
| Where should the oxygen sensor be placed in relation to the patient? | As closed to the patient as possible within the circuit |
| What causes left shift on the O2 dissociation curve? | Increased pH, Decreased CO2, Decreased body temp, tighter binding |
| What causes right shift on the O2 dissociation curve? | Decreased pH, Increased CO2, Increased body temp, looser binding |
| Is O2 considered a drug? | Yes |
| What precautions should be taken when giving O2? | Limit patient exposure to 100% O2 to 24 hrs whenever possible |
| What is the minimum flow rate to prevent CO2 build up in a non-rebreather mask? | 10 LPM |
| What are the hazards of Oxygen Therapy? | Oxygen toxicity, depression of ventilation, retinopathy of prematurity, absorption atelectasis, fire hazard |
Created by:
ashconrad417
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