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PSY291- DISORDERS

Powerpoint 3 - Psychological Disorders

What is a MENTAL DISORDER? A persistent disturbance or dysfunction in behavior, thoughts, or emotions that causes significant distress or impairment
What is a DISORDER Refers to a common set of signs and symptoms
What is a DISEASE A known pathological process affecting the body
What is a DIAGNOSIS A determination as to whether or not a disorder or disease is present
What is the DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS (DSM) A classification system that describes the features used to diagnose each recognized mental disorder
What does the DSM indicate? How the disorders can be distinguished from other, similar problems
When was the first DSM created? In 1952
What is the most recent edition of the DSM? When was it released? In 2013, DSM-5 was released
What is COMORBIDITY? Refers to the co-concurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual
What does a BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE explain? Explains mental disorders as the result of interactions among biological, psychological and social factors
What is the DIATHESIS-STRESS MODEL Suggests that a person may be predisposed for a psychological disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress
What is the RESEARCH DOMAIN CRITERIA PROJECT (RDoC) A new initiative that aims to guide the classification and understanding of mental disorders by revealing the basic processes that give rise to them
What is the problem with labels? 1. Labeling someone as having a disorder can cause unintended consequences 2. Diagnosis an impact both the way people see themselves and the way medical professionals see and treat them
What are ANXIETY DISORDERS The class of mental disorder in which anxiety is the predominant feature
What are PHOBIC DISORDERS Disorders characterized by marked, persistent, and excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities or situations
What is a SPECIFIC PHOBIA? A disorder that involves an irrational fear of a particular object or situation that markedly interferes with an individual's ability to function
What is the PREPAREDNESS THEORY OF PHOBIAS The idea that people are instinctively predisposed towards certain fears
What is a PANIC DISORDER A disorder characterized by the sudden occurrence of multiple psychological symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror
What is GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER? A disorder characterized by chronic excessive worry accompanied by three or more of the following symptoms: restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance
What is OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER (O.C.D.) A disorder in which repetitive, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and ritualistic behaviors (compulsions) designed to fend off those thoughts interfere significantly with an individual's functioning
What is POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER? A disorder characterized by chronic physiological arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts or images of the trauma and avoidance of things that call the dramatic event to mind
What are some common causes of PTSD 1. War 2. Physical Assault 3. Sexual assault or trauma 4. sudden death of a loved one 5. illness/injury 6. natural disaster
What is MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (DEPRESSION) A disorder characterized by a severely depressed mood and/or the inability to experience pleasure that lasts 2 or more weeks and is accompanied by feelings of worthlessness, lethargy, and sleep and appetite disturbance
What is SEASONAL EFFECTIVE DISORDER Causes people to experience recurrent depressive episodes in a seasonal pattern
What is BIPOLAR DISORDER A condition characterized by cycles of abnormal, persistent high mood (mania) and low mood (depression)
What is SCHIZOPHRENIA? A disorder characterized y profound disruption of basic psychological processes; a distorted perception of reality; altered or blunted emotion; and disturbances in thought, motivation and behaviour
What are some symptoms of schizophrenia? Hallucinations Delusions Disorganized Speech Grossly Organized Behavior Catatonic Behavior Negative Symptoms Cognitive Symptoms
What is the AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (A.S.D.) A condition beginning in early childhood n which a person shows persistent communication deficits as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests or activities
A.S.D. can be understood as.... Impaired capacity for empathizing and superior capacity for systematizing
What is A.D.H.D. A persistent pattern of severe problems with inattention and/or hyperactivity or impulsiveness that cause significant impairments in functioning
What are PERSONALITY DISORDERS Enduring patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to others or controlling impulses that deviate from cultural expectations and cause distress or impaired functioning
What is CLUSTER A for personality disorders ODD/ECCENTRIC - Paranoid - Schizoid - Schizotypical
What is CLUSTER B for personality disorders DRAMATIC/ERRATIC - Antisocial - Borderline - Histrionic - Narcisstic
What is CLUSTER C for personality disroders ANXIOUS/INHIBITED - Avoidant - Dependent - Obsessive-compulsive
What does a sociopath/psychopath refer to/ Refer to people with antisocial personality disorder: A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood
Created by: sunshineshel
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