why are ultraviolet rays lethal to bacteria

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4TH QTR MICROBIOLOGY

Ms. Perkins- Microbiology- Test #2- Control of Microorganisms

Question	Answer
free flowing steam is about equal to	boiling
which of the following is not a phenolic compound	glutaraldehyde
why are ultraviolet rays lethal to bacteria	they damage the DNA or RNA of the microbe
what process is used to destroy something of no value	incineration
an agent that liberates gases for the purpose of destroying macroscopic life forms is a	fumigant
the process of passing a liquid through a material with pores so small that bacteria cannot pass through is	filtration
which of the following is the killing of all forms of life	sterilization
the most effective method of a sterilization is	steam under pressure
which of these is a chemical agent capable of killing viral organisms	virucide
which of the following is used as a standard to measure the efficiency of chemical disinfectants	phenol
which of these processes will destroy bacteria at 121 degrees celsius	steam under pressure
which of these chemical agents is a member of the quaternary ammonium compound family	benzalkonium chloride
which of these agents will kill bacteria	bactericide
which of the following is not an effective disinfectant	soap
the most commonly used agent for the process of sterilization is	heat
the condition in which bacteria are prevented from growing and reproducing is	bacteriostasis
which of the following will inhibit bacterial growth and reproduction	an antiseptic
which of these is least effective in achieving a sterile environment	boiling
which mechanical method of sanitation is likely to be used in the practice of mortuary hygiene	scrubbing
if a chemical is more effective then phenol the coefficient is	a multiple of 1
for disinfection alcohol is most effective in a	seventy percent solution
which of the following is not a factor in the action of a chemical disinfectant	time of day
the polyatomic ion of hypochlorite is composed of chlorine	oxygen
the killing or removal of all pathogenic microorganisms is	disinfection
which of these chemical agents is often referred to as phenol	carbolic acid
which of these is primarily bacteriostatic in its action	cold
which of these chemical agents is described as a coal tar derivative	phenol
what agent destroys yeasts and molds	fungicide
embalming is both	disinfection and preservation
sterilization is a process of completely	removing or destroying all life forms
sterilization provides what level of microbial growth control	the highest
what is the highest level of microbial growth control	sterilization
what kills spores	sterilization
disinfection is	the destruction of disease causing microorganisms or pathogens
disease causing microorganisms	pathogens
disinfection does not kill endospores but it does kill most	vegetative microorganisms
antisepsis	bacteriostasis
antisepsis is	the prevention or inhibiting of the growth of causative or pathogenic microorganisms
which process can be used on living tissue because not as harsh as disinfectants	antiseptics
the use of antiseptics does not result in the immediate killing of the organism, it simply	stops or greatly inhibits the growth of bacteria
greek to stand still	sepsis
physical / mechanical methods of control	scrubbing filtration sedimentation heat cold ultraviolet UV light
chemical methods of control	disinfectant germicide bactericide fungicide virucide viricide insecticide larvicide fumigation
methods of control	physical / mechanical and chemical
scrubbing is	manual process by which microorganisms are removed
scrubbing may be facilitated by the use of	soaps detergents or disinfectants
filtration is	the use of biological filters to mechanically remove bacteria from liquids
sedimentation is when	heavier particles settle to the bottom of the container
heat	kills microorganisms
heat kills microorganisms by	denaturing proteins
proteins are denatured more easily when they are	wet
one of the most reliable means of controlling the presence of microorganisms and their growth is	heat
thermal death point	lowest temperature at which all microorganisms are killed in 10 minutes
thermal death time	minimum time to kill all the bacteria at a given time
decimal reduction time	time to kill 90 % of microbes that are present
dry heat	higher temperatures can be achieved than boiling or free flowing steam
incineration	organisms removed by burning
incineration is form of	sterilization
hot air	higher temperatures and higher exposure times needed when compared to moist heat
an example of the use of hot air is	hot air oven
hot air is better sometimes because it can	reach higher temperatures
moist heat is	more effective at denaturing proteins than dry heat
what is more effective at denaturing proteins than dry heat	moist heat
compared to dry heat moist heat uses	lower temperatures and shorter exposure times
usual exposure temperatures and times for moist heat are	121 degrees celsius for 15 minutes
which process uses lower temperatures and shorter exposure times	moist heat
boiling is what process	disinfection
water boils at what temperature	100 degrees celsius
how long do you need to boil things to kill vegetative bacteria most viruses and fungi	10 minutes
free flowing steam is	steam not under pressure
free flowing steam can be used to both	disinfect or sterilize
free flowing steam is usually used for	disinfection
when and how is free flowing steam used to sterilize	fractional sterilization which is a 3 day process
3 day process to kill both vegetative bacteria and endospores that germinate. 30 minute exposure time. about as effective as boiling since near the same temperature of 100 degrees celsius	fractional sterilization
steam under pressure	autoclave pressure cooker
autoclave is	higher pressure and higher temperatures
autoclave pressure and temperature	15 psi and 121 degrees celsius
steam under pressure uses a shorter	exposure time
autoclave time	15 minutes
autoclave is used for	sterilization
steam under pressure gets rid of all	microbes
cold is an	antisepsis technique
cold	inhibits growth but does not kill all vegetative cells or endospores
2 broad categories of chemicals	cide and static
cide =	kill
static =	inhibit growth
germicide	destroys microorganisms
bactericide	destroys bacteria
fungicide	kills fungi and spores yeasts and molds
virucide viricide	destructive to viruses
insecticide	kills insects
larvicide	kills insect larva
fumigation	spraying chemicals or vapors into the air to kill insects or small animals
fumigant	is the fumigation agent
factors influencing the action of disinfectants	concentration type microbial load contact time temperature
concentration of the disinfectant is	a factor that influences the action of disinfectants
the type nature of the material to be disinfected is	a factor that influences the action of disinfectants
the microbial load classification is	a factor that influences the action of disinfectants
the contact time of disinfectant is	a factor that influences the action of disinfectants
the temperature of disinfectant during exposure is	a factor that influences the action of disinfectants
stronger concentration of a disinfectant is not always	better
the longer the contact time of a disinfectant	the greater the kill
what compounds are forbidden to be used in the mortuary	arsenic
arsenic compounds are forbidden to be used	in the mortuary
arsenic	AS
ultraviolet UV light	inhibits growth by damaging genetic material
direct UV light	will kill microorganisms
desirable qualities of an ideal disinfectant	low toxicity to body tissues effective in the presence of organic matter stability / shelf life high penetrating power inexpensive
which quality should be least important when looking at the qualities of an ideal disinfectant	cost
when looking at qualities of an ideal disinfectant a main goal is	to not have to use more than gloves
disinfectants suitable for mortuary procedures	halogens alcohols aldehydes phenolic compounds quaternary ammonium compounds
types of halogens suitable for mortuary procedures	hypochlorites aka bleaches iodophores
types of alcohols suitable for mortuary procedures	ethyl alcohol aka grain alcohol isopropyl alcohol aka rubbing alcohol
types of aldehydes suitable for mortuary procedures	formalin aka formaldehyde solution glutaraldehyde dialdehyde aka cidex
types of phenolic compounds suitable for mortuary procedures	phenol aka carbolic acid cresol aka lysol hexachlorophene aka phisoderm
types of quaternary ammonium compounds suitable for mortuary procedures	benzalkonium chloride aka BAC zephiran chloride
hypochlorites are	bleaches
sodium hypochlorite =	NaOCl
hypochlorite dilution	1:10
1:10 dilution	hypochlorites
hypochlorites are effective for	disinfecting and cleaning
hypochlorites can be	irritating to skin and mucous membranes
what is lethal if combined with ammonia	hypochlorites
ammonia =	NH3
lethal is combined with formaldehyde	hypochlorites
formaldehyde =	HCHO
iodophores are	consisting of iodine
iodine =	I
iodophores are used for which process	disinfection
a form of iodine that is an antiseptic	tincture of iodine
alcohols are used for what process	disinfection
alcohols are most effective in what solution	70 % aqueous solution
a negative to alcohols	volatile may evaporate before germicidal effect occurs
aldehydes react with	proteins
formalin is	aqueous formaldehyde solution
aldehyde that is a known human carcinogen	formalin
cidex	glutaraldehyde or dialdehyde
glutaraldehyde	cold chemical sterilant
phenolic compounds are	coal tar derivatives
phenol aka	carbolic acid
cresol aka	lysol
hexachlorophene aka	phisoderm
quaternary ammonium compounds are used as	disinfectants and antiseptics
with quaternary ammonium compounds what increases strength	increased time
quaternary ammonium compounds like benzalkonium chloride and zephiran chloride are neutralized in	hard water
phenol coefficient test	the standard by which all disinfectants are measured
if disinfectant is as effective as phenol the phenol coefficient number is	1
is disinfectant is more effective that phenol the phenol coefficient number is	greater than 1 a multiple of 1
if disinfectant is less effective than phenol the phenol coefficient number is	less than 1 a fraction of 1
phenol coefficient number abbreviation	pc

Created by: BettyOlson667

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