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Chapter 13 final
chapter 13 final- class 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How long is the average small bowel if removed and stretched out during an autopsy? | 23 feet |
| in a person with good muscle tone, the length of the entire intestine is | 15-18 feet |
| the average length of the large intestine is | 5 feet |
| the 3 divisions of the small intestine in descending order, starting with the widest division | 1. duodenum 2. jejunum 3. ileum |
| what division of the small intestine is the shortest? | duodenum |
| in which two abdominal quadrants would the majority of the jejunum be found? | LUQ & LLQ |
| which division of the small intestine has a feathery or coiled-spring appearance during a small bowel series? | jejunum |
| what division of the small intestine is the longest? | ileum |
| what two aspects of the large intestine are not considered part of the colon? | cecum & rectum |
| the colon is divided into ______ sections and has _______ flexures | 4 sections and 2 flexures |
| List the two functions of the ileocecal valve: | 1. prevents contents of ileum from passing too quickly into the cecum 2. prevents reflux |
| what is another term for the appendix? | vermiform appendix |
| jejunum | makes up 40% of the small intestine |
| Duodenum | shortest aspect of the small intestine |
| ileum | aspect of small intestine that is the smallest in diameter but longest in length |
| cecum | widest portion of the large intestine |
| appendix | a blind pouch inferior to the ileocecal valve |
| acceding colon | found between the cecum and transverse colon |
| descending colon | distal part; also called the iliac colon |
| transverse colon | longest aspect of the large intestine |
| sigmoid colon | lies in pelvis but possesses a wide freedom of motion |
| what is the term for the three bands of muscle that pull the large intestine into punches? | tachial coli |
| these pouches, or sacculations, seen along the large intestine wall are called | haustra |
| what is another term for the mucosal folds found within the jejunum? | plicae circulares |
| which portion of the small intestine is located primarily to the left of the midline? | jejunum |
| which portion of the small intestine is located primarily in the RLQ? | ileum |
| what aspect of the small intestine is most fixed in position? | duodenojejunal jx |
| in which quadrant does the terminal ileum connect with the large intestine? | RLQ |
| which muscular band marks the junction between the duodenum and jejunum? | ligament of treitz |
| the widest portion of the large intestine is the | cecum |
| which flexure of the large intestine usually extends more superiorly? | left colic (splenic) |
| intraperitoneal | cecum, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, ileum, jejunum |
| retroperitoneal | ascending colon, descending colon, upper rectum, c loop of duodenum |
| infraperitoneal | lower rectum |
| list two conditions that may prevent the use of barium sulfate during a small bowel series | possible perforated hollow viscus and large bowel obstruction |
| what types of patients should be given extra care when using a water soluble contrast medium? | young and dehydrated |
| ileus | obstruction of the small intestine |
| neoplasm | new growth |
| meckel's diverticulum | common birth defect found in the ileum |
| Malabsorption syndrome | patient with lactose or sucrose sensitivities |
| Enteritis | Inflammation of the intestine |
| celiac disease | a form or spure |
| regional enteritis | form of inflammatory disease of the GI tract |
| giardiasis | common parasitic infection of the small intestine |
| adenocarcinoma | apple core sign. a malignant tumor formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue. |
| meckel's diverticulum | large diverticulum of the ileum |
| ileus | circular staircase or herringbone sign |
| giardiasis | dilation of the intestine with thickening of circular folds |
| regional enteritis | cobblestone appearance |
| volvulus | "Break sign". A volvulus is when a loop of intestine twists around itself and the mesentery that supports it, resulting in a bowel obstruction. |
| giardiasis is a condition acquired through: | contaminated food, contaminated water, person-to-person contact |
| Meckel's diverticulum(abnormal sac or pouch formed at a weak point in the wall of the alimentary tract) is best diagnosed with which imaging modality? | nuclear medicine |
| whipple's disease is a rare disorder of the: | proximal small intestine |
| how much barium sulfate is generally given to an adult patient for a small-bowel-only series? | 2 cups or 16 oz |
| when is a small bowel series deemed complete? | when contrast passes the ileocecal valve |
| when is the first radiograph generally taken during a small bowel series? | 15-30 minutes after ingesting contrast |
| t/f fluoroscopy is sometimes used during a small bowel series to visualize the ileocecal valve | TRUE |
| the term enteroclysis describes what type of a small bowel study? | double-contrast |
| what 2 types of contrast media are used for an enteroclysis procedure? (Enteroclysis is an imaging test, how a liquid called contrast material moves through the small intestine) | high-density baso4 & air OR methylceltulose |
| which 2 pathologic conditions are best evaluated through an enteroclysis procedure? | regional enteritis and malabsorption syndrome |
| t/f it takes approximately 12 hours for barium sulfate in a healthy adult, given orally, to reach the rectum | FALSE-24 hours |
| the tip of the catheter is advanced to the ________ during an enteroclysis | duodenojejunal flexure (suspensory ligament) |
| what is the purpose of introducing methylcellulose during an enteroclysis? | dilates intentional lumen for better diagnosis |
| a procedure to alleviate postoperative distention of a small intestine obstruction is called: | therapeutic intubation |
| what is the recommended patient prep for a small bowel series? | NPO 8hrs before, no gum/smoking |
| which position is recommended for a small bowel radiograph? why? | prone, to separate loops of bowel |
| polyp | inward growth extending from the lumen of the intestinal wall |
| diverticulum | outpouching of the mucosal wall, weak spot |
| intussusception | telescoping of one part of the intestine into another |
| volvulus | a twisting of a portion of the intestine on its own mesentery |
| ulcerative colitis | severe form of colitis |
| colitis | Inflammatory condition of the large intestine |
| which type of patient usually experiences intussusception? | infants |
| a condition of numerous herniations of the mucosal wall of the large intestine is called | Diverticulosis |
| pathologic condition that may produce a "tapered or corkscrew" radiographic sign during a barium enema? | volvulus |
| the most common form of carcinoma found in the large intestine | annular carcinoma |
| t/f intestinal polyps and diverticula are very similar in structure | FALSE |
| t/f volvulus occurs more frequently in males than females | TRUE |
| t/f the barium enema is a commonly recommended procedure for diagnosing possible acute appendicitis | FALSE |
| t/f any stool retained in the large intestine may require postponement of a barium enema study | TRUE |
| which 4 conditions would prevent the use of a laxative cathartic before a barium enema procedure? | 1. gross bleeding 2. severe diarrhea 3. obstruction 4. Inflammatory lesions |
| t/f an example of an irritant cathartic is magnesium citrate | FALSE- castor oil |
| list the 3 types of enema tips commonly used | 1. plastic disposable 2. rectal retention 3. air-contrast retention |
| t/f synthetic latex enema tips or gloves do not cause problems for latex-sensitive patients | TRUE |
| what water temperature is recommended for barium enema mixtures? | room temp |
| to minimize spasm during a barium enema, ___________ can be added to the contrast media mixture | lidocaine |
| what is the name of the patient position recommended for insertion of the rectal enema tip? | sim's |
| the initial insertion of the rectal enema tip should be pointed toward the: | Umbilicus |
| which procedure is most effective to demonstrate small polyps in the colon? | double-contrast barium enema |
| which aspect of the large intestine must be demonstrated during evacuative proctography? | rectal prolapse |
| which of the following procedures uses the thickest mixture of barium sulfate? a. single contrast b. double contrast c. evacuative proctogram d. enteroclysis | c. evacuative proctogram |
| into which position is the patient placed for imaging during the evacuative proctogram? | lateral |
| t/f a special tapered enema tip is inserted into the stoma before a colostomy barium enema | TRUE |
| t/f the enema bag should not be more than 36 inches (92cm) above the table top before the beginning of the procedure | FALSE- 24inches |
| t/f the tech should review the patients chart before a barium enema to determine whether a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy was performed recently | TRUE |
| t/f both computed tomography and sonography may be performed to aid in diagnosing appendicitis | TRUE |
| t/f because of the density and the amount of barium within the large intestine, computed radiography should not be used during a barium enema | FALSE |
| which of the following is true about CT enteroclysis? 1. duodenum tube doesn't have to be inserted 2. 0.1% barium sulfate suspension is instilled before procedure 3. doesn't detect obstructions in small intestine 4. rarely performed today | 2. 0.1% barium sulfate suspension is often instilled before procedure |
| another term for CT colonography (CTV) is | virtual colonoscopy |
| t/f a cleansing bowel prep is not required during a CTC | FALSE |
| why is oral contrast media sometimes given during a CTC(virtual colonoscopy)? | to mark or "tag" fecal matter |
| what is the chief disadvantage of a CT colonography (CTC)? | cannot remove polyps discovered during CTC |
| t/f single contrast barium enemas are performed commonly on patients with a clinical history of diverticulosis | FALSE |
| which of the following projections is recommended to be taken during a small bowel series? 1. supine AP 2. left lateral decubitus 3. erect AP 4. prone PA | 4. prone PA |
| t/f shielding is not recommended during studies of the lower GI tract? | FALSE |
| due to faster transit time of barium from the stomach to the ileocecal valve in pediatric patients, how frequently should images be taken during a small bowel series to avoid missing critical anatomy and possible pathology? | every 20 to 30 minutes |
| the ________ position is recommended alternative for the lateral rectum projection during a double-contrast BE procedure | ventral decubitus |
| what kV is recommended for a small bowel series (single contrast study)? | 100 to 125 kV |
| where is the CR centered for the 15-minute radiograph during a small bowel series? | 2 inches (5cm) above iliac crest |
| what are the breathing instructions for a projection taken during a small bowel series? | expiration |
| generally, a small bowel series is complete once the contrast media reaches the ___________ | ileocecal valve |
| which projections taken during a barium enema best demonstrate the right colic flexure? | RAO or LPO |
| how much body rotation is required for oblique barium enema projections? | 35-45 degrees |
| which positions should be performed if the patient cannot lie prone on the table to visualize the left colic flexure? | RPO |
| which projection during a double-contrast barium enema series best demonstrates the descending colon for possible polyps? | right lateral decubitus |
| which aspect of the large intestine is best demonstrated with an AP axial projection? | rectosigmoid region |
| what is the advantage of performing an AP axial oblique rather than an AP axial? | less superimposition of the rectosigmoid segments |
| what is another term for describing the AP and PA axial projections? | butterfly |
| what kV range is recommended for a post evacuation projection following a barium enema? | 90-100 kV |
| what is the recommended kV range for oblique positions taken during a single-contrast barium enema study? | 100-125kV |
| what is the recommended kV range for oblique projections taken during a double-contrast study? | 90-100kV |
| what medication can be given during a barium enema to minimize colonic spasm during a barium enema? | glucagon (if not diabetic) |
| Diverticulum | an abnormal sac or pouch formed at a weak point in the wall of the alimentary tract. |
| How long is the average small bowel if removed and stretched out during an autopsy? | 23 feet |
| in a person with good muscle tone, the length of the entire intestine is | 15 to 18 feet |
| how long does it usually take to complete an adult small bowel series? | 2 hours |
| t/f fluro is sometimes used during a small bowel series to visualize the ileocecal valve? | true |
| which aspect of the GI tract is primarily responsible for digestion, absorption and reabsorption? a. small intestine b. stomach c. large intestine d. colon | small intestine |
| which one of the following structures fills with air during a double-contrast barium enema with the patient supine? a. ascending colon b. transverse colon c. rectum d. sigmoid colon e. Descending colon | b. transverse colon and d. sigmoid colon |
| which aspect of the GI tract is responsible for the synthesis and absorption of vitamins B and K and amino acids? a. small intestine b. colon c. large intestine d. stomach | small intestine |
| what is the purpose of introducing methylcellulose during an entreroclysis? | dilates the intestinal lumen for better diagnosis |
| inflammation of the vermiform appendix is called | appendicitis |
| which one of the following clinical conditions Is best demonstrated during evacuative proctography? a. itussusception b. volvulus c. rectal prolapse d. divertivulosis | c. rectal prolapse |
| t/f if a retention tip enema is used, it should be removed after fluro is completed and before overhead projections are taken to better visualize the rectal region? | false |
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Hmaeesomy
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