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Pharmacology Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the ultra short acting sympathomimetic drug? | Racemic epinephrine |
| What is the primary indication for racemic epinephrine? | Upper airway edema |
| Is racemic epinephrine a maintenance or a rescue drug? | Rescue |
| What are the short acting beta adrenergic drugs? | Levalbuterol (xopenex), albuterol (ventolin, proventil), metaproterenol |
| What is the primary indication for SABAs? | Relief of acute upper airway obstruction |
| Are SABAs rescue or maintenance drugs? | Rescue |
| What is the mode of action for SABAs? | Breakdown ATP to cAMP for bronchodilation |
| List the LABAs | Salmeterol (serevent diskus), arformoterol (brovana), formoterol (foradil), indacaterol (arcapta neohaler), and olodaterol (striverdi respimat) |
| What is the primary indication for LABAs? | Maintenance and control of bronchospasm |
| Are LABAs rescue or maintenance drugs? | Maintenance |
| What is the mode of action for LABAs? | Bronchodilation |
| List the anti cholinergic drugs | Ipratropium bromide (atrovent), tiotropium bromide (spiriva), oxitropium bromide (oxivent), aclidium bromide (tudorza pressair), and umecidium bromide (incruse ellipta) |
| What is the primary indication for anti cholinergic drugs? | Maintenance and control of bronchospasm |
| Are anti cholinergic drugs maintenance or rescue drugs? | Maintenance |
| What is the mode of action for anti cholinergic drugs? | Bronchodilation of the large airways by decreasing cGMP |
| List the xanthines | Theophylline (Theo-dur), aminophylline, and caffeine citrate (Cafcit) |
| What is the mode of action for xanthines? | Inhibits phosphodiesterase |
| List the aerosolized corticosteroids | Fluticasone (Flovent), beclomethasone (QVAR), flunisolide (Aerospan), budesonide (DPI: pulmicort flexhaler, SVN: pulmicort respules), mometasone, ciclesonide |
| What is the primary indication for aerosolized corticosteroids? | Pulmonary edema |
| Are aerosolized corticosteroids rescue or maintenance drugs? | Maintenance |
| List the systemic corticosteroids | Prednisone, methylprednisone (Solu-medrol) |
| Are systemic corticosteroids rescue or maintenance drugs? | Maintenance |
| List the leukotriene modifiers | Montelukast (singulair), Zafirlukast (Accolate), and Zileuton (Zyflo) |
| What is the primary indication for leukotriene modifiers? | Prophylactic management of persistent asthma |
| Are leukotriene modifiers maintenance or rescue drugs? | Maintenance |
| What is the mode of action for leukotriene modifiers? | Blocks leukotrienes |
| What drug is used to treat asthma prophylactically by preventing mast cell degranulation? | Cromolyn Sodium |
| List the mucolytic drug that comes in 10% and 20% strengths | N-Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) |
| What is the primary indication for Mucomyst (N-Acetylcysteine)? | Thick, viscous, or inspissated secretions |
| What is the mode of action for Mucomyst (N-Acetylcysteine)? | Reduces viscosity by breaking disulfide bonds |
| What type of drug should be given prior to administering Mucomyst (N-Acetylcysteine)? | Bronchodilator |
| What is the mucolytic used for cystic fibrosis patients? | Dornase Alfa |
| What is the mode of action for Dornase Alfa? | Hydrolyze DNA is sputum and reduces viscosity |
| List the surfactants | Beractant (Survanta), Calfactant (Infasurf), and Poractant (Curosurf) |
| What is the primary indication for surfacts? | Prevent alveolar collapse |
| What should be done if your patient has adverse side effects while taking a breathing treatment? | Stop the treatment |
| What should be done if your patient has an elevated HR (above normal) prior to treatment? | Find the cause of the tachycardia before beginning treatment |
| What should be done if your patients HR increases more than 20 bpm during the treatment? | Stop the treatment |
| What are the two causes of upper airway edema? | Croup and post extubation stridor |
| What xanthine is used to treat premature apnea of the newborn? | Caffeine Citrate (CafCit) |
| What does the autonomic nervous system control? | Automatic and unconscious functions |
| What does the somatic nervous system control? | Voluntary movements/ skeletal muscle |
| What anti-fungal is used to treat oral thrush? | Nystatin |
| What anti-fungal is used to treat Histoplasmosis, Blastomycosis, and Coccidiodomycosis? | Amphotericin B |
| What pediatric dosage rule is used if we know the patient's weight? | Clark's |
| How can you tell if an MDI is empty? | Place in a bowl of water, if empty the MDI will float on its side |
| How many puffs are in the average MDI? | 200 puffs |
| List ALL the drugs used to treat TB | Isoniazid (INH), Rifampin, Rifabutin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, and Streptomycin |
| What is the effect of stimulation to the Alpha receptor? | Vasoconstriction, increased BP |
| What is the effect of stimulation to the Beta 1 receptor? | Increased HR and force |
| What is the effect of stimulation to the Beta 2 receptor? | Broncodilation |
| What is the dosage for albuterol? | 0.5 mL of a 0.5% solution (2.5 mg) Q4-Q6 |
| What is the dosage for levalbuterol (Xopenex)? | 0.63 mg/3 mL TID or 1.25mg/ 3 mL TID |
| What is the dosage for Racemic Epinephrine? | 0.25 mL of a 2.25% solution QID (SVN) |
| What is the dosage for Ipratropium Bromide? | SVN: 500 mcg TID, QID |
| What is the loop diuretic? | Furosemide (Lasix) |
| What is the primary indication for Furosemide (Lasix)? | Pulmonary edema |
| What is the osmotic diuretic? | Mannitol (Osmitrol) |
| What is the primary indication for Mannitol (Osmitrol) | Cerebral edema |
| What drug is used to treat RSV? | Ribavirin (Virazole) |
| What nebulizer is used to administer Ribavirin (Virazole)? | SPAG II |
| What drug is used to treat influenza within the first couple days of symptoms? | Zanamivir (Relenza) |
| What drug is used to treat Pneumcystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients? | Pentamidine |
| What nebulizer is used to administer Pentamidine? | Respigard II |
| What antibiotic drug is used to treat pseudomonas aeruginosa in CF patients? | Tobramycin |
| What neuromuscular blocker is used for intubation? | Succinylcholine |
| What other types of drugs must be given with a neuromuscular blocker? | Sedative for anxiety and analgesics for pain |
| List the signs of a bacterial infection | Fever, chills, yellow/green sputum, and increased WBC |
| What type of infection is penicillin used to treat? | Gram positive |
| What type of infection is garamycin used to treat? | Gram negative |
| What are NSAIDs used to treat? | Mild to moderate pain |
| What is the most common adverse side effect of NSAIDs? | GI tract irritation |
| What class of drugs is commonly used to treat anxiety? | Benzodiazepines |
| List the brand names of benzodiazepines | Valium, ativan, xanax, versed, and klonopin |
| What drug is used to treat MRSA? | Vancomycin |
| Why is a spacer/reservoir used with an MDI? | Improves medication delivery and effectiveness |
| Which local anesthetic may be used for bronchoscopy? | Lidocaine |
Created by:
ashconrad417
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