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science of foods and the nutrients & other substances they contain and of their actions within the body
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products derived from plants and animals that can be taken into the body to yield energy & nutrients for maintenance of life and growth and repair of tissues
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nutrition ch
chapter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| science of foods and the nutrients & other substances they contain and of their actions within the body | Nutrition |
| products derived from plants and animals that can be taken into the body to yield energy & nutrients for maintenance of life and growth and repair of tissues | food |
| foods and beverages a person eats and drinks | diet |
| foods that contain physiologically active compounds that provide health benefits beyond their nutrient contributions | functional foods |
| nonutrient compounds found in plant derived foods | phytochemicals |
| chemical energy provided by food which the body converts to mechanical, electrical, or heat energy | energy |
| chemcial substance obtained from food & used in the body to provide energy, structural materials, and regulating agents to support growth, maintenance, & repair of the body's tissues | nutrients |
| do not contain carbon | inorganic nutrients |
| contain carbon, an element found in all living things | organic nutrients |
| nutrients that food must supply because the body can use | energy-yielding nutrients |
| units by which enrgy is measured | calories |
| a measure of the energy a food provides to the amount of food (kcalories per gram) | energy denisty |
| (do not provide energy) facilitate the release of energy from carbohydrate, fat, and protein and participate in other activites in the body | vitamins |
| (do not provide energy) they are put together in orderly arrys in such structures as teeth and bones, also found in body fluids | minerals |
| full complement of genetic material (DNA) in the chromosomes of a cell | genome |
| the science of how nutrients affect the activities of genes | Nutritional genomtics |
| a set of nutrient intake values for healthy people in the US and and Canada | Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) |
| lowest continuing intake of a nutrients that will maintain a specified criterion of adequacy | requirements |
| avg. daily amt. of a nutrient that appears of practically all healthy people | Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) |
| average daily amount of nutrient considered adequate to meet known nutrient needs of practically all healthy people | Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) |
| lack there of | deficient |
| the avg. daily amt. of a nutrient that appears sufficent to maintain a specified criterion | Adequate Intake (AI) |
| max daily amt. of a nutrient that appears safe for most healthy people and beyond which there is an increased risk of adverse health effects | Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) |
| the avg. dietary energy intake that maintains energy balance & good health in a person of a given age, gender, weight, height, and level of physical activity | Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) |
| ranges of intakes for the energy nutrients and reduce the risk of chronic disease | Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) |
| any condition caused by excess or deficient food energy or nutrient intake or by an imbalance of nutrients | malnutrition |
| deficent energy or nutrients | undernutrition |
| excess energy or nutrients | overnutrition |
| a comprehensive analysis of a person's nutrition status that uses health socioeconomic, drug, and diet histories, etc. | nutrition assesment |
| measuring physical characteristics like height and weight and comparing them to standards specific for gender and age | anthropometric Data |
| out in the open and easy to observe | overt |
| nutrient deficincy caused by inadequate dietary intake of a nutrient | primary deficiency |
| caused by something other than an inadequate intake, such as a disease condition or drug interaction | secondary deficiency |
| in the early stages, before the outward signs have appeared | subclinical deficiency |
| hidden, as if under covers | covert |
| a national initiative under the jurisdication of the US that identifies the most significant preventable threats to health and focuses efforts toward eliminating them | Healthy People |
| characterized by a slow progression and long duration of a disease | chronic disease |
| a condition or behavior associated with an elevated frequency of a disease | risk factor |
Created by:
jessesandoval153