chapter 1
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| science of foods and the nutrients & other substances they contain and of their actions within the body | Nutrition
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| products derived from plants and animals that can be taken into the body to yield energy & nutrients for maintenance of life and growth and repair of tissues | food
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| foods and beverages a person eats and drinks | diet
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| foods that contain physiologically active compounds that provide health benefits beyond their nutrient contributions | functional foods
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| nonutrient compounds found in plant derived foods | phytochemicals
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| chemical energy provided by food which the body converts to mechanical, electrical, or heat energy | energy
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| chemcial substance obtained from food & used in the body to provide energy, structural materials, and regulating agents to support growth, maintenance, & repair of the body's tissues | nutrients
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| do not contain carbon | inorganic nutrients
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| contain carbon, an element found in all living things | organic nutrients
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| nutrients that food must supply because the body can use | energy-yielding nutrients
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| units by which enrgy is measured | calories
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| a measure of the energy a food provides to the amount of food (kcalories per gram) | energy denisty
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| (do not provide energy) facilitate the release of energy from carbohydrate, fat, and protein and participate in other activites in the body | vitamins
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| (do not provide energy) they are put together in orderly arrys in such structures as teeth and bones, also found in body fluids | minerals
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| full complement of genetic material (DNA) in the chromosomes of a cell | genome
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| the science of how nutrients affect the activities of genes | Nutritional genomtics
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| a set of nutrient intake values for healthy people in the US and and Canada | Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)
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| lowest continuing intake of a nutrients that will maintain a specified criterion of adequacy | requirements
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| avg. daily amt. of a nutrient that appears of practically all healthy people | Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
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| average daily amount of nutrient considered adequate to meet known nutrient needs of practically all healthy people | Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
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| lack there of | deficient
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| the avg. daily amt. of a nutrient that appears sufficent to maintain a specified criterion | Adequate Intake (AI)
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| max daily amt. of a nutrient that appears safe for most healthy people and beyond which there is an increased risk of adverse health effects | Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
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| the avg. dietary energy intake that maintains energy balance & good health in a person of a given age, gender, weight, height, and level of physical activity | Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)
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| ranges of intakes for the energy nutrients and reduce the risk of chronic disease | Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR)
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| any condition caused by excess or deficient food energy or nutrient intake or by an imbalance of nutrients | malnutrition
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| deficent energy or nutrients | undernutrition
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| excess energy or nutrients | overnutrition
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| a comprehensive analysis of a person's nutrition status that uses health socioeconomic, drug, and diet histories, etc. | nutrition assesment
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| measuring physical characteristics like height and weight and comparing them to standards specific for gender and age | anthropometric Data
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| out in the open and easy to observe | overt
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| nutrient deficincy caused by inadequate dietary intake of a nutrient | primary deficiency
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| caused by something other than an inadequate intake, such as a disease condition or drug interaction | secondary deficiency
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| in the early stages, before the outward signs have appeared | subclinical deficiency
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| hidden, as if under covers | covert
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| a national initiative under the jurisdication of the US that identifies the most significant preventable threats to health and focuses efforts toward eliminating them | Healthy People
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| characterized by a slow progression and long duration of a disease | chronic disease
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| a condition or behavior associated with an elevated frequency of a disease | risk factor
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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