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HBP chapter 1
HBP
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chunking | Organizing items into familiar, manageable units |
| Context-dependence phenomenon | The fact that memory benefits when the spatio-temporal, mood, physiological, or cognitive context at retrieval matches that present at encoding |
| Crystallized intelligence | Breadth and depth of a person's acquired knowledge of a culture and the effective application of this knowledge |
| Deep acting | Trying to modify one's one true inner feelings based on display rules |
| Distributed practice | Breaking practice and learning up into a number of shorter sessions (in contrast to massed practice) |
| Dual coding theory | Memory is enhanced by forming both verbal and visual codes, since either can lead to recall |
| Elaboration | Linking a stimulus to other information at the time of encoding |
| Emotional dissonance | Inconsistency between the emotions people feel and the emotions they project |
| Emotional intelligence | The ability to detect and to manage emotional cues and information |
| Emotional labour | Tendency for employees to express organizationnally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work |
| Encoding | The processing of information into the memory system |
| Eveningness | The characteristic of being most active and alert during the evening |
| Fluid intelligence | Refers to mental operations that an individual uses when faced with a novel task that cannot be performed automatically |
| Forgetting curve | Graph that shows how fast forgetting occurs over time (very quickly at first and more slowly then) |
| Graphology | The analysis of the physical characteristics and patterns of handwriting purporting to be able to identify the writer, indicating psychological state at the time of writing, or evaluating personality characteristics |
| Hypothesis of situational specificity - importance of GMA test | Hypothesis that intelligence is not a relevant predictor of performance for all the occupations |
| Illusion of transparency | Tendency for people to overestimate the degree to which their personal mental state is known by others |
| Levels of processing theory | This theory suggests that deeper levels of processing (such as semantic processing ) result in longer-lasting memory codes than shallow processing (such as structural or phonetic) |
| Long-term memory | The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills and experiences |
| Long-term storage and retrieval | The ability to store information in and fluently retrive now or previously acquired information from long-term memory |
| Massed practice | Learning into fewer but longer training sessions (in contrast to distributed practice) |
| Mental contrasting | It is a strategy to compare a desired future with the present reality |
| Mental reinstatement of context | Creating a mental picture of the environment where the information was encountered in order to retrieve it more easily. |
| Method of loci | Taking an imaginary walk along a familiar path where images of items to be remembered are associated with certain locations |
| Morningness | The characteristic of being most active and alert during the morning |
| Precommitment | Strategy of making a first commitment or action that forces you later to pursue the same strategy |
| Processing speed | The ability to fluently and automatically perform cognitive tasks, especially when under pressure to maintain focused attention and concentration |
| Productive procrastination | Strategy of finding an tangent task that should be done and that is more enjoyable than the target task |
| Rehearsal | The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage |
| Retrieval | The process of getting information out of memory storage |
| Retrieval practice | Strategy of devoting time during the learning period to retrieve the to-be-remembered information. |
| Short-term memory | Activated memory that holds a few items briefly (20 seconds-1 minute), such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten |
| Storage | The retention of encoded information over time |
| Structured interviews | Type of selection interviews in which the questions are constrained as well as the method to analyze the responses of the candidates |
| Surface acting | Hiding one's inner feelings and forgoing emotional expressions in response to display rules |
| Time management matrix | Method to categorize activities in terms of relative importance and urgency |
| Transfer-appropriate processing | Proposal that retention is best when the mode of encoding and the mode of retrieval are the same |
| Unstructured interviews | Type of selection interviews in which the interviewer has no constraints in terms of questions that have to be asked and of method of analyzing the responses of the candidates |
| Using emotions | The ability to generate, use, and feel emotion as necessary to communicate feelings or employ them in other cognitive processes |
| Visual processing | The ability to generate, perceive, analyze, synthesize, store, retriev, manipulate, transform and think with visual patterns and stimuli |
| PQ4R Method | Preview: General idea Question: ask yourself question Read: Proofread Reflect: associate reading with question Recite: close book, what did I read? Review: check what is correct |
| Synchrony effect | Tendency to be more focused when we work at our best time of the day |
| Proximal goal | Short term goal |
| Distal goal | Long term goal |
| Promotion goal | "I want to pass" |
| Prevention goal | "I don't want to fail" |
| Learning goals | Having an interest in the subject and try to deepen knowledge on the matter |
| Performance goals | Learning to obtain a grade to pass. |
Created by:
abbenard
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