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Pharmacology Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| preparation and dispensing of drugs | Pharmacy |
| identification of sources of drugs (plants, animals, minerals) | Pharmacognosy |
| study of the interrelationship of genetic difference and drug effects | Pharmacogenetics |
| art of treating disease with drugs | Therapeutics |
| study of toxic substances | Toxicology |
| List the drug routes of administration | Enteral, parenteral, transdermal, inhalation, topical |
| drug administration through the GI tract | Enteral |
| drug administration through injection | Parenteral |
| drug administration through a patch | Transdermal |
| drug administration through an aerosol | Inhalation |
| drug applied directly to the skin or mucous membrane | Topical |
| Oral, rectal, sublingual, and NG tube are considered __________ routes of administration | Enteral |
| Intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intrathecal, and intraosseous are considered __________ routes of administration | Parenteral |
| List the stages of drug names | Chemical name, code name, generic name, official name, trade (brand) name |
| indicates the drugs chemicals | Chemical name |
| given by the manufacturer to an experimental chemical that may become a drug | Code name |
| assigned to chemicals when chemicals appear to have good results and manufacturer wants to market the drug | Generic name |
| given when approved for general use and admitted to the US pharmacopeia; generic name becomes official | Official name |
| given by a particular manufacturer that is marketing the drug | Trade (brand) name |
| What is the sympathetic, presynaptic neurotransmitter? | ACh (Acetylcholine) |
| What is the sympathetic, postsynaptic neurotransmitter? | NE (Norepinephrine) |
| What is the parasympathetic, presynaptic neurotransmitter? | ACh (Acetylcholine) |
| What is the parasympathetic, postsynaptic neurotransmitter? | ACh (Acetylcholine) |
| Sympathetic fibers originate from the ___________ region of the spine | Thoracolumbar |
| Parasympathetic nerve fibers originate from the ___________ region of the spine | Craniosacrals |
| What enzymes deactivate norepinephrine? | COMT and MAO |
| What enzyme deactivate acetylcholine? | Acetylcholinesterase |
| What enzyme breaks down ATP? | Adenyl Cyclase |
| What enzyme breaks down GTP? | Guanyl Cyclase |
| What enzyme breaks down cAMP? | Phosphodiesterase |
| What is the mode of action for beta-adrenergic (front door)? | Breaks down ATP to cAMP |
| What is the mode of action for anti-cholinergic (back door)? | Block the breakdown of GTP into cGMP |
| What is the mode of action for xanthine (side door) bronchodilators? | Inhibits phosphodiesterase and prevents the breakdown of cAMP |
| What are the adrenergic receptors? | Alpha, Beta 1, Beta 2 |
| What is the effect of stimulation to the alpha adrenergic receptor? | Vasoconstriction (increased BP) |
| What is the effect of stimulation of the beta 1 adrenergic receptor? | Increased heart rate and force |
| What is the effect of stimulation of the beta 2 adrenergic receptor? | Bronchodilation |
| What is the cholinergic receptor found at the effector site? | Nicotonic (N) |
| What is the effect of stimulation to the nicotonic cholinergic receptor? | Stimulates the post-synaptic neuron |
| What is the function of the autonomic nervous system? | Acts to maintain a steady state within the body |
| What does the autonomic nervous system control? | Unconscious and autonomic functions |
| Which type of bronchodilator is not given by aerosol? | Theophylline |
| What terms are synonymous with sympathomimetic? | Adrenergics (Alpha/ Beta), Beta/ Alpha Agonists, Front-door meds |
| What terms are synonymous with anticholinergic? | Parasympatholytics, back door meds |
| Where are drugs metabolized? | Liver |
| Where are drugs excreted? | Kidneys |
| The location where a drug interacts with the receptor is called ___________. | Site of action |
| How a drug produces its affect at the site of action is know as _______________ or "mode of action. | Mechanism of actions |
| The specific location where drug attaches itself to a call is called the _____________. | Receptor site |
| A drug that binds to the receptor and stimulates the receptor's functions is called an _______________. | Agonist |
| A drug that blocks the receptor is called an ______________. | Antagonist |
| The action of two or more agents working together producing an enhanced effect is called _____________. | Synergistic effect (synergism) |
| The time required for the body, tissue, or organ to metabolize or inactivate half the amount of drug is called the ______________. | Plasma half life |
| An unusual response to a drug is called ____________. | Idosyncratic effect |
| The decreased response to a drug due to prolonged use is known as _____________. | Tolerance |
| An agent that influences rate is known as _______________. | Chronotropic |
| A positive chronotropic effect would result in a(n) ____________ rate. | Increased |
| negative or positive effect based on suggestion | Placebo effect |
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ashconrad417
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