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EXAM for offing IED
well f
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Agent | Representative of a client or an individual who acts on the behalf of another. |
| Assess | To thoroughly and methodically analyze accomplishment against specific goals and criteria. |
| Assessment | An evaluation technique that requires analyzing benefits and risks, understanding the trade-offs, and then determining the best action to take in order to ensure that the desired positive outcomes outweigh the negative consequences. |
| Brainstorm | A group technique for solving problems, generating ideas, stimulating creative thinking, etc. by unrestrained spontaneous participation in discussion. |
| Client | The agency or individual who contracts with an engineer to design a solution to a problem. |
| Concept Sketch | A graphical representation of an idea that can quickly communicate design intent and details |
| Creative Thinking | The process to generate ideas and possible solutions. It is not a testing step nor is it an evaluative step; it is the production of a possible direction in which to think about the problem at hand. |
| Creativity | The ability to make or bring a new concept or idea into existence; marked by the ability or power to create. |
| Criteria | A standard, rule, or test by which something can be judged. In design, what you must have. What you must do and accomplish |
| Constraint | 1. A limit to a design process. Constraints may be such things as appearance, funding, space, materials, and human capabilities. 2. A limitation or restriction. |
| Design | Systemically sole problems |
| Engineer notebook | Book in which an engineer will formally document work that is associated with a specific design project. |
| What is an engineer's notebook? | It is a LEGAL DOCUMENT that proves the origin of an idea. It has written ideas, sketches, work session summaries, research findings, and interview information. |
| Concept Sketch | Graphical representation of an idea that can quickly communicate design intent and details. Quickly and roughly drawn, includes shading. |
| Are scale and proportion the same thing? | NAHHHHHH!!!!!!! |
| Why are scale and promotion different? | Scale refers to mathematical relationship to standard. Promotion describe the relative size of one other object. |
| What is a solution? | possible answer to a problem |
| What is a design process? | step by step model used to analyze the criteria and the constraints of a problem in order to achieve an efficient goal. |
| What are two rules for brainstorming? | No critisim allowed, allow all members to contribute. |
| What is optimal solution? | It is the best choice at the given time |
| Heuristics | simple rules which people often use to form judgements and make decisions. |
| What is problem solving? | Problem solving is a process, systematic, designed to reach a solution. |
| What is design criteria? | The elements that your product or solution must have to be successful. |
| What are design constraints? | Factors that impact your product and restrict what your can do. |
| What is the Engineering Process? | It starts with a clients problem, its a series of steps that engineering teams use to guide them, as they solve them. |
| What is an engineers job? | Define the problem, and develop a solution that the clients wants. |
| What is an engineers goal? | to satisfy the criteria while was accommodating the constraints. |
| Whats a design brief? | A short summary of a problem affecting a target audience and the process that the engineer proposes to the sole problem. LEGAL DOCUMENT |
| What is a Problem Statement? | It identifies the problem detail, it does not offer a solution. |
| What is a Design Statement? | It describes the what the product must do to solve the problem and achieve the client's goals. |
| Is a design brief a formal document? | Yes, it includes company logo, company name, client, target consumer, problem statement, design statement, and constrains. |
| feedback | a systematic review of what has been done, to solve a problem with the goal of improving the efficiency process. |
| Changes to technology that occur over a long period of time | Evolutionary. |
| Changes to improve a product | Innovation |
| What is the Evolutionary Cycle? | Describes how a technology change begins as a revolutionary impact and then evolves as improvements are made. |
| sketch | quick, freehand drawing in pencil with annotated data used to describe an object, process or idea. |
| Technical sketches | follow a set of rules or conventions to depict specific areas with in the sketch. |
| An isometric pictorial | shows three sides of the design from a single focal point. |
| oblique pictorial | shows one side at 90* to the viewer. |
| multi-view pictorial | shows all the views of a design that you need to build it. |
| perspective pictorial | designed to sell the product. |
| what is Technical sketching | made with a pencil, paper, and an idea, they are done freehand. |
| why does an isometric pictorial show | shows three sides of the design from a single focal point. It is used to show the general outline of the object. |
| what does a multi-view pictorial show | shows all the views of a design that you need to build it. |
| line | is a physical connection between two points. |
| shape | is a two dimensional object that is bounded. |
| solid | three dimensional object. |
| face | first shape. It is the focal point of a sketch. |
| what is a home view | the starting point for a shape and is displayed as an isometric pictorial. |
| what is the focal point | he point of an object that you are viewing, building or measuring from. |
| what does CAD stand for | Computer Aided Design. |
| what is the face of an object | major plane that defines the object |
| what is the Face order | describes the relationship between faces in an isometric pictorial. |
| what is the anchor point | is the point at which all measurements are taken. It is the reference point for sketch data |
| what is datum dimensioning. | Measuring from an anchor pointwh |
| what do technical sketches follow? | set of rules or standards to describe a shape. |
| Construction Lines | are very lightly drawn lines used as guides to help draw all other lines and shapes properly. |
| Object Lines | are thick and dark and are used to define the object. |
| Hidden lines | show interior detail that is not visible from the outside of the part.the |
| Center Lines | define the center of arcs, circles, or symmetrical parts. They are half as thick as an object line and are dashed. |
| Extension line | sed to mark the starting point of a dimension line on an object when this point is not directly next to the object. |
| Leader line | used to indicate a radius, diameter or object feature. points to the feature and has a tangent break at the information end where data is entered. |
| Short-Break Line | freehand orthographic projection |
| oblique pictoria | drawing perspective that presents the front face of the design in the same plane and orientation as the viewer. |
| oblique cavalier | presented full depth. |
| oblique cabinet | presented at half depth. |
| isometric pictorial | shows the overall shape of an object in 3 dimensions. The angle constraint is 30* and distorts each side equally. |
| box method | drawing technique that defines the outer edges of a design. |
| Tonal shading | used to direct the viewers attention to a specific focus. It is used to enhance a view and add contrast. |
| what does isometric mean | Isometric means equal measure. It is also equal angle. |
| projection plane | eferred to as a plane of projection or picture plane, is an imaginary surface that exists between the viewer and the object. |
| projection line | imaginary line that is used to locate or project the corners, edges, and features of a three-dimensional object onto an imaginary two-dimensional surface. |
| multi-view perspective | set of orthographic projections that detail the different views of an object based on the front face. |
| Net | 2-D graphical representation of a solid. |
| what represents a view? | face |
| orthographic projection | object contained inside a glass box. |
| one-point perspective | A horizontal line represents the horizon. One vanishing point is identified on the horizon line. A series of lines are drawn from distinctive points on the object to the vanishing point, outlining the object being constructed. |
| What is accuracy? | Used to describe how close something is to a standard |
| what is precision? | How many times a level of accuracy is repeated |
| US customary system | used in the US (duh) |
| International System of units | omost widely accepted system of measurement, the Us is the only nation who has not expected it. |
| The Imperial (English scale) | based on foot |
| The metric scale | based on the meter |
| Dial Calipers | most common tool |
| 4 types of measurements | Outside diameter or Object thickness, Inside diameter or Space Width, Step Distance, Hole Depth. |
| Outside measuring faces | these are the faces between which the outside length or diameter is measured |
| Inside measuring faces | inside diameter is measured |
| Step Measuring faces | measures the surface distance |
| Depth measuring faces | depth of the hole can be measured |
| Inch dial caliper | measures slightly more than 6 inches |
| Blade scale | shows each inch divided into 10 increments |
| Blade | immovable portion of the dial caliper |
| pointer | moves within the dial as the slider moves back and forth along the blade |
| Reference edge | keeps track of the larger increments |
| Rack | change linear motion to rotary motion |
| Dial | divded 100 times |
| Dimensions | number values that describe an object and its features |
| Size dimension | describes the overall, width, height, and depth |
| location dimensions | show the location of the geometric feature within an object or view |
| anchor point | single point of reference |
| Dimensions lines are used to show what? | distance |
| Unidirectional dimensions | are placed so that they can be read from the bottom of the drawing sheet |
| aligned dimensions | are placed so that you can read them from the bottom of the drawing sheet and the vertical dimensions can be read from the right side of the drawing sheet. |
| Statistics | collection, interpretation, and evaluation of data |
| central tendency | center of a distribution |
| variation | spread of values around the center |
| distribution | summary of frequency values |
| standard distribution | round to one more decimal place than the original data |
| range | bigger number minus the smaller number |
| standard deviation | measure of the spread of data values |
| what is the general rule? | DONE ROUND UNTIL THE FINAL ANSWER |
| how do you approach a standard deviation problem? | You add all of the values, then divide by how many values there are, then square root it |
| Histogram | common data distribution chart that is used to show the frequency with which specific values, or values within ranges occur in a set of data. |
| normal distribution | bell shape |
| what are significant digits? | indicate the uncertainty of a measurement |
| what are material properties? | describes how and objects reacts to a force? |
| what is area? | describes the measurement of the 2-D space enclosed by a shape. |
| what is surface area? | sum of all the areas of the faces of a 3-d solid. |
| how do calculate surface area? | SA= 6A |
| how do you find the surface area of a rectangular prism? | SA= 2(wd+wh+dh) |
| how do find the surface area of a cylinder | SA= (2, pie,r))h + 2(pie, r squared) |
| what is a design constraint? | limits what you can do |
| what is a dimension constraint? | constrains the size of the part as well as its location |
| what is an assembly constraint? | limits the degree of freedom |
| what is a drive constraint? | limits the range of motion |
| what is an insert constraint? | limits where an object can be placed as well as to how far another object can lie. |
| whats a geometric constraint? | defines how points in a sketch relate to each other |
| whats a confident constraint? | fixes a point to a line |
| whats a target constraint? | fixes geometry to lie tangent to a face or line. |
| whats a collider constraint? | fixes or two or more line segments or axis to lie on the same line |
| what does the fillet tool do? | creates a round where to lines meet at a corner |
| what does the chamfer tool do? | break a corner |
| what is the center of gravity? | 3d point where the total weight of the body may be considered to be concentrated.average location |
| what is the centroid | 3d point defining the geometric center of a solid. |
| what does balance measure? | mass |
| what does scale measure? | weight |
| what is visual analysis? | understanding and designing for an audience who will use your product. |
| how is an audience affected? | values, beliefs, attitudes, character, temperament, outlook, and perspective. |
| what are design elements? | Describes how the product feels and how you feel when using it .It uses line, color, shape, texture, light, value, form, and space. |
| what does a vertical line represent? | dignity,stability, and strength |
| what does a horizontal line represent? | calm, peace, and relaxation |
| what does diagonal lines represent? | action |
| what does a curved line represent? | freedom, softness, and calm. |
| What is value? | lightness or darkness, denotes relative lightness or darkness. helps perceive 3d objects |
| what is saturation? | purity or intensity relative to gray |
| what are circular shapes? | they are independent, opening and inviting. |
| what is form? | reflects perception of shape it is the shadows |
| what is shape? | area between and around parts on am image or the implied depth in that image. |
| what are the seven design principals? | balance, rhythm, emphasis, proportional scale, contrast, economy, unity. |
| What is balance? | A condition in which different elements are equal or in the correct proportions. There are three types of visual balance: symmetry, asymmetry, and radial. |
| what is rhythm/ | A regularly recurring sequence of events or actions |
| what is emphasis? | Special importance, value, or prominence given to something. |
| what is vertical balance? | top and bottom parts are equal |
| what is horizontal balance? | sides of the composition are equal |
| what is asymmetrical/ informal balance? | parts of the design are not equal but are equal in visual weight |
| what is radical balance? | when the design elements radiate outward from the center |
| what is graduated rhythm? | elements become closer or further apart as they move. |
| what is repeated element? | increasing or decreasing gradually with each repetition |
| what is emphasis (in description) | draw attention to one area |
| what is scale? (description) | six of one part of the image in relationship to the other. |
| what us economy? | less is more |
| what is unity? | ties everything together |
| what is structural analysis? | systematic examination of a product or process to determine if the product will stand up to the intended design forces |
| what is tolerance level? | affects the overall quality of the product, |
| What is elastic stage? | rebound to its normal shape |
| what is plastic stage? | stretched beyond their ability to rebound |
| what is structural intergrity? | describes how strong something is |
| what is the design load? | sum of all the forces that may impact the product |
| what is the design parameters? | define all the conditions that affect the design function |
| what is structural stability? | products ability ability to maintain its shape. |
| what is functional analysis? | nondestructive process of evaluating a product to determine how it does whatever it is designed to do |
| what is technical documentation? | process of conveying information about a product to an audience |
| section view | shows hidden details |
| auxiliary view | face that exists between the planes |
| what are standards? | allow us to communicate across cultures and time using agreed upon rules. |
| what is technical writing? | convey technical information customers, managers, legal authority figures and others |
| through hole | |
| clearance hole | large enough to allowed to pass through |
| blind hole | does not cut through entire thickness |
| countersink hole | hole at surface, securing screws |
| counterbore hole | receive a bolt head or nut, heavy duty industrial applications |
| tapped hole | internal threads |
| spotface hole | used for light applications |
| linear hole | set the center of the hole from a planer face |
| concentric hole | lets you placed hole from a curved edge |
| on point | lets you drill on an axis |
| tolerance | accepted amount of variation that will still allow an object to function correctly |
| limit dimensions | stacked on top of each other |
| unilateral tolerance | only in one direction |
| bilateral tolerence | positive an negative directions |
| total tolerance | describes maximum amount of variation |
| clearance fit | limits the size of mating parts so that a clearance always results when mating parts are assmebled |
| interference fit | parts must be forced together, limits the size |
| transition fit | limits the placement of another part through size and postition |
| whats allowance? | minimum clearance or max between parts |
| LMC (least material condition) | condition of a part when it contains the smallest amount of material |
| MMC (maximum material condition) | condition of part when it contains the most amount of material |
| section view (in depth) | shows greater detail |
| full section | shows half of a part |
| half section | shows 1/4 of the part |
| detail view | show enlarged or exploded view of the area, not show a lot of detail |
| auxiliary view (in depth) | shows angled surface |
| foreshortened surfaces | does not give a clear or accurate representation |
| parameter | property of a system whose value determines how the system will behave |
| parametric constraint | describes how a sketch point relates to other points in a solid |
| parametric relationship | how the parameters of a design are defined |
| insert constrains | restricts the degrees of freedom |
| contact constriant | limits contact with a part at a point but does not limit motion |
| motion constraint | limits transitional or rotational motion of a part within a plane |
Created by:
hannahkokinda
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