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Ch49 Eye & Ear Drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is conjunctivitis? | Inflammation of the delicate membrane covering the eye and inner eyelids AKA PINK EYE |
| Conjunctivitis treatment | Requires Antibiotic therapy |
| Possible S.E. of topical antiinfective drugs | -noninfectious conjunctivitis -local skin & eye irritation |
| Blepharitis | Infection if margins of eyelid TREATMENT: anti infective agent |
| Drugs of choice for AOM & alternative if patient had allergy | *amoxicillin If mild allergy then a cephalosporin Severe allergy; give azithromycin and clarithromycin |
| Risk factors for acute otitis media (AOM) | Kids <2, that go to daycare Exposure to tobacco smoke or air pollution |
| Hordeolum AKA stye | Local infection of eyelash follicles & glands on kid margins Treatment: anti infective drug |
| Common S.E of Otic antimicrobials | Burning & stinging |
| How long should a person in between two topical medications? | 5 mins |
| What should the nurse do prior to administering ophthalmic anti inFectives? | Screen the patient for previous allergic reactions |
| What medications will be included for the patient if they have inflammation that is secondary to a bacterial or fungal infection? | Antibiotics or anti-fungal agents |
| When should anti-inflammatories not be given? | If the patient has a viral infection |
| Drugs prescribed when eye inflammation is caused by Allergies? | Ophthalmic antihistamines; emedastine (Emadine), epinastine (Elestat) Mast cell stabilizers; cromolyn (Crolom), nedrocromil (Alocril) |
| Frequent adverse effects from anti inflammatory drugs ? | Burning , headache, stinging |
| What do ophthalmic decongestants do ? | They are vasoconstrictors, narrow blood vessels E.G. naphazoline (Clear Eyes) |
| Ophthalmic decongestants should be avoid by who? | Patients with narrow-angle glaucoma (May pose problems for patients with Hypertension too) |
| Use of eye lubricants | -alleviate discomfort from eye dryness -moisten contact lenses & artificial eyes |
| Lubricant examples (OTC; liquid & ointment forms) | Isopto tears, tearisol, ultra tears, lens mate, etc |
| Cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion (Restasis): mech. Action | Suppresses the immune response that leads to inflammation, allowing tear production to resume |
| Ophthalmic immunosuppressants contraindications | -patient with bacterial infection of the eye (unless accompanied with antibiotic) -viral eye infections (e.g. Herpes) |
| What is glaucoma? | Eye condition in which optic nerve damage occurs as a result of increased IOP, which is a buildup of pressure within the eye from too much aqueous humor |
| Open-angle glaucoma | Trabecular network becomes clogged, overtime IOP increase |
| Narrow- angle glaucoma (aka closed-angle, angle-closure) | Iris blocks the trabecular network by "narrowing" the exit where fluid typically drains.. fluid build up within eye & increases IOP |
| Herbs contra. In glaucoma patients | Bitter orange & coffee |
| Why is it important to use warm water during irrigation? | To prevent nausea and vomiting |
| Ceruminolytics | Topical otic agents that soften or break up ear wax so it can be removed |
| Otic | Referring to the ear |
Created by:
mizzlena26
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