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psychology
schizophrenia
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A mental illness where contact with reality and insight are impaired,a type of psychosis | Schizophrenia |
| atypical symptoms experienced in addition to normal experiences | positive symptoms |
| atypical experiences which represent the loss of a usual experience | Negative symptoms |
| 2 examples of positive symptoms of schizophrenia | Hallucinations and delusions |
| 2 examples of negative symptoms of schizophrenia | Avolition and speech poverty |
| Avolition | a loss of motivation to carry out tasks and results in lowered activity levels |
| a positive symptom of sz, beliefs that have no basis in reality for example that the sufferer is someone else or that they are the victim of a conspiracy | Delusions |
| a negative symptoms of SZ. the reduces frequency and quality of speech | speech poverty |
| the two major systems for the classification of a mental disorder | DSM-5 and ICD-10 |
| who checked the reliability of DSM-5 and ICD-10 by getting doctors to diagnose 100 patients using each criterion | chineax et al 2009 |
| what did Chineaux find about the diagnosis of SZ | poor inter rater reliability as they diagnosed different people with sz according to the different criterion |
| what are the 3 biological explanations for schizophrenia | Genetics, dopamine hypothesis and neural correlates |
| what was the original dopamine hypothesis | hyPERdopaminergia in the sub cortex (high levels of dopamine) |
| what is the more recent version of the dopamine hypothesis | hyPOdopaminergia in the cortex (low levels of dopamine~) |
| neural correlates | patterns of activity or function in the brain that may occur in conjunction with an experience and may be implicated in the origins of that experience |
| what are the three psychological explanations for schizophrenia | Family disfunctions, cognitive explanations and dysfunctional thought processing |
| abnormal processes within a family such as poor family comunication, cold parenting and high expressed emotions could cause the development and maintanence of schizophrenia | Family disfunctions |
| dysfunctional though processing | a general term which means information processing is not functioning normally and so causes undesirable consequences |
| cognitive explanations | explanations that focus on ental processes such as thinking ,language and emotion |
| the scizophrenegenic mother | according to from -reich mann the schizophrenegenic mother is cold, controlling and creates a family climate characterised by tension and secrecy. literally mean schizophrenia causing mother |
| double bind theory | Gregory Bateson et al 1972 family climate affects sz. but emphasis on communication. |
| main idea of the double bind theory | child finds themselves trapped in situations where they fear doing the wrong thing but receive mixed messages about what is right and wrong and cannot comment on unfairness of situation. - leads to disorganised thinking |
| family dysfunctions | abnormal processes within the family such as poor communication, cold parenting and high levels of emotion. all risk factors for the development and maintanence of sz. |
| Biological treatment for sz | drug therapy, typical and a typical anti psychotics. tablet or injection form |
| typical antipsychotics | chlorprozamine |
| atypical antipsychotics | clozapine and resperidone |
| negative point of drug therapy | can cause serious side effects |
| 3 psychological therapies for sz. | family therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy and token economy |
| family therapy | a therapy for sz in which all or some family members are present. aimed at reducing stress and improving communication in the family |
| cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) | a method of treating mental disorder focusing both on cognitive and behavioural techniques. cognitive includes dealing with thinking such as negative/ irrational thoughts. |
| A type of behavioural therapy where behaviours are encouraged by the use of selective reinforcement | token economies |
| negative of psychological treatments | treatments help patients to cope with their symptoms but cannot actually cure them |
| The interactionist approach to explaining sz. involves an underlying vulnerability and a triggering stressor. | the diathesis stress model |
| interactionist way of treating sz. | combining drug therapy and CBT |
| Doglous Turkington et al (2006) points out......... | it is perfectly possible to believe in biological causes of sz yet carry out CBT to relieve psychological symptoms |
| who supports the effectiveness of combining treatments | Nicholas tarrier et al (2004) |
| who came up withthe original diathesis stress model | Meehl (1962) |
| main point of the original diathesis stress model | vulnerability is entirley gentic and down to the posessionn of a single schizogene |
| what does the schizogene lead to | a schizotypic personality including sensitivity to stress |
| Ripke et al (2014) modern understanding of diathesis | there are many genes which can cause vulnerability to sz. so the "schizogene" theory is wrong |
| Modern veiw of stress in the diathesis stress model | stress can be biological or psychological in nature |
| read et al (2001(=) suggestion about the diathesis | proposed a neurodevelopmental model in which early trauma alters the developing brain eg child abuse can make the hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA)system overactive. |
Created by:
Madz99
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