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Physics Final
LCCC Test 3-Final
| WTF is this? | No shit Sherlock |
|---|---|
| First non-contrast film for angio series? | Scout |
| __ is the black & white reversal of the scout (for film based angio)? | Mask Film |
| Subtraction Print Film is exposed through the superimposed (stacked) __ & __? | Mask & Angiogram w Contrast |
| Steps of analog Fluoro? | TV Camera creates Analog Signal it sends to TV Monitor |
| Steps of DSA | TV Camera/CCD/FPD→analog signal→amplifier→ADC→Dig Signal→Computer→Manipulation→DAC→analog signal→TV Monitor |
| ADC converts analog TV signal to __ (Dig) , which is expressed how? | Binary, 0s & 1s |
| Matrix Size & Pixel Depth (Shades of gray) are powers of __ ? | 2 |
| Image Intensifiers & TV/CCD systems provide LESS distortion (↑ quality) and LOWER dose than Flat panel detectors? (T/F) | False - FPD better |
| DSA uses MORE contrast medium than Film? (T/F) | False - Less or Diluted contrast |
| __ is an advantage of DSA used in surgery, where a set point can remain on screen like a roadmap? | Landmarking |
| DSA Equipment needs are greater in general. Type of generator used? Better TV Camera or FPD with __ signal to noise ratio? | DSA 3 phase or HiFreq, 1000:1 SNR |
| __ is imaging when the Tube or IR move during exposure? | Tomography |
| Pivot point of motion for the tube or IR? | Fulcrum |
| Type of imaging where a FULCRUM moves with patient/table are stationary? | Variable Tomography |
| Type of imaging where the PATIENT or Table move through a fulcrum? | Fixed Tomography |
| (Fixed/Variable) Tomography is more common? (Fixed/Variable) Tomography keeps magnification constant on all images? | Variable common, Fixed constant Mag |
| In Tomography, ↑ Amplitude/Exposure angle = __ Blur = __ Focal plane thickness? | ↑ Angle = ↑ Blurring = ↓ Plane Thickness |
| How does increasing the object distance from the focal plane affect Tomography? | ↑ Distance = ↑ Blurring |
| In Tomography, ↑ OID = __ Blur = __ Magnification? | ↑ OID = ↑ Blurring = ↑ Magnification |
| How does Tube Trajectory affect Tomography? | Greater complexity, more Blurring, less artifacts |
| Blurring of structures (Inside/Outside) of focal plane enhances contrast/visibility of structures (Inside/Outside) the focal plane? | Outside (Blur), Inside (Detail) |
| Increasing the Tomographic Angle INCREASES the plane of focus thickness? (T/F) | False - ↑ angle = ↓ slice thickness |
| __ is Tomography of curved structures where the fulcrum moves during exposure? | Pantomography (Panorex) |
| Plane of focus thickness for 10° Tomography? 40°? 50°? | 10° 7mm, 40° 2mm, 50° 1mm |
| 1st slice for Renal Tomography is taken at what measure? Lower poles of kidney are more __ than upper poles? | 1/3, Lower more Anterior |
| If the 1st Renal Tomogram was at 10" from the table and shows the UPPER poles, what are the next to slices at? | 11", 12" (bcuz Uppers POSTERIOR, move UP) |
| Magnification Factor Formula | Mag = SID/SOD |
| % of Magnification Formula | % Mag = (OID/SOD) x 100 |
| Currently DSA rarely uses Magnification because modern technology allows for visualization of small structures and blood vessels? (T/F) | True - Mag was film-screen |
| __ is the vital unitasking computer part that accesses instructions and responds to commands? | CPU |
| Portion of the CPU for storage & access of information? | Control Unit |
| Where all calculations & instructions OCCUR in the CPU? | Arithmetic/Logic Unit |
| Fundamental machine instructions, or __, are read by what Type of Memory? | Firmware, ROM (Read Only) |
| These processors perform multiple equations simultaneously and are used in CT, MRI, PET? | Array Processors |
| CRT, LCD/LED flat panel, printer, PACS are examples of what? | Output Devices |
| Laser film printers use __ & __ lasers to expose film prior to development? | Infrared & Helium Neon |
| __ is a 2D representation of a 3D volume? Where are they used? | Voxel, CT & MRI |
| What is average RESOLUTION in pixels per mm ? | 3-6 |
| Mathematical formulas that can reconstruct original image & can modify Image Quality? | Algorithms |
| Pixel size in CR is determined by __ ? | Sampling Frequency |
| Pixel size in DR is determined by __ ? | DEL size = Pixel size |
| Pixel size formula | Field of view/Matrix |
| __ is the differences in data values that result in monitor Brightness or printed Density? ( ↑ Value = ↑ __ ) | Contrast |
| __ is the ability to see small differences in Attenuation? (Grays of neighboring pixels) | Contrast Resolution |
| __ is the range of Values a Pixel can display? Depends on __ ? | Dynamic Range, Byte length/depth (1 byte=8 bit) |
| __ controls image Brightness displayed? | Window Level |
| __ controls image Contrast displayed? | Window Width (wide=long scale) |
| Detector Size, Pixel Size, Display Matrix Size...control what? | Resolution |
| DR flat panel detectors can be read at what rate? Is this real time video? | 30x/sec, Yes |
| Photostimulable Phosphor used in CR imaging? | PSP - Europium-doped Barium Fluorohalide |
| PSP stores __ that is released as light when stimulated by a __ ? | Charge, Laser |
| Light released from PSP is detected & measured by __ which digitizes it? | PMT - Photomultiplier Tube |
| Max resolution for CR? | 6 lp/mm |
| Artifacts (Moray pattern) on CR plates can occur with __ lpi grids? | 103 |
| S value relation to dose? Manufacturer example? Range? | S# ↑ = Dose ↓, Fuji, 100-300 |
| Exposure Index relation to dose? Manufacturer example? Range? | EI ↑ = Dose ↑, Carestream, 1900-2150 |
| LgM relation to dose? Manufacturer example? Range? | LgM ↑ = Dose ↑, Agfa, 1.9-2.5 |
| With Indirect DR, __ converts x-rays into light? | Cesium Iodide Phosphor |
| With Indirect DR, light is converted to electrons by an __ made of __ photodiodes? | Active Matrix Array (AMA) of Amorphous SILICON |
| Cesium Iodide Phosphor converts x-rays to light. AMA of Amorphous Silicon converts light to electrons. TFT stores electrons as "latent" image. These are the steps of DIRECT (T/F)? | False - INDIRECT |
| Average Resolution for Indirect DR? | 4 lp/mm |
| With Direct DR, __ converts x-rays into electrons which are collected by the __ ? | Amorphous SELENIUM, TFT Array |
| __ is the matrix of DELs that store electrons as "latent" image for both Direct & Indirect DR? | TFT - Thin Film Transistor |
| Average Resolution for Direct DR? | 5 lp/mm |
| 1 CR/DR image can contain as many as __ million pixels? What is the storage equivalent? | 25 million pixels = 25 megabytes |
| Before Loss-Less compression, 1 gigabyte could store __ full resolution DR images? | 40 |
| Matrix size for Radiologist's viewing monitors? | 2,048 |
| __ is the standard communication protocol for digital/PACS systems? | DICOM (Dig Imag & Comm in Med) |
| Digital Contrast Enhancement makes CR very comparable to Film Resolution Quality (T/F)? | True |
| Pixels are measured in __ ? | microns (1=.001 mm) |
| Actual resolution is slightly MORE than 2x the pixel size (T/F)? | False - Pixel Res<2x Pixel Size |
| In CR, there may be small spaces btwn pixels to prevent the spread of __ ? | Light ("bleed") |
| States we need to sample 2x the smallest thing we can see, or we need pixels 1/2 the size of smallest thing? | Nyquist Theory |
| Best Resolution with SMALL Matrix and LARGE Pixels (T/F)? | False - Small Pixel, Large Matrix |
| A Matrix with 10 pixels/mm would have __ Resolution? | 5 lp/mm |
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RadTechTKD
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