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psychology
Approaches
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the 5 approaches? | Learning/behaviourist, Biological, Humanistic, cognitive, pyschodynamic |
| a way of explaining behaviour in terms of learning and what is observable | the behaviourist approach |
| a way of explaining behaviour which takes into account the role of direct and indirect learning combining learning theory with the roles of cognitive factors. | Social learning theory |
| the approach which focuses on how our mental processes affect behaviour | the Cognitive approach |
| a perspective that emphasises the importance of physical processes within the body including genetic inheritance and neural function | the biological approach |
| an approach that describes the different forces, most of which are unconscious, that operate on the mind and direct human behaviour and experience | psychodynamic approach |
| an approach to understanding behaviour which emphasizes the importance of subjective experience and each persons capacity for self determination | humanistic approach |
| learning by association. occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired together. An unconditioned stimulus and a neutral stimulus. the neutral stimulus eventually produces the same response as the UCS | Classical conditioning |
| An explanation of learning in which behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences (positive reinforcment, negative reinforcement and punishment | Operant conditioning |
| a study Looking at how classical conditioning works | Pavlovs dogs |
| a study looking at how operant conditioning works | Skinners rats |
| Albert Bandura | proposed social learning theory of behaviour |
| vicarious reinforcement | reinforcment which is not driectly reinfocred but occursthrough someone else being reinforced for a behaviour |
| the four mediational processes | attention,retention, reproduction and motivation |
| what is identification | when someone associates themselves with a role model and wants to be like them |
| who performed a study on imitation by children? | Bandura et al 1961 (bobo doll) |
| main assumption of the cognitive approach | mental processes can and should be studied scientifically |
| what do cognitive psychologist use to study theintenal mental processes | theoretical models |
| The computer analagy of cognitive psycholgy | the mind is similar to a computer. they both code information,have different memory stores and respond to stimulus from the outside world to process information |
| the scientific study of biological structures which underpin cognitive processes | Cognitive neuroscience |
| everything psychological is at first biological so to fully understand human behaviourwe must first look at biological structures and processes such as genes and neurochemistry | main assumption of the biological approach |
| genotype | the particular set of genes someone possesses |
| phenotype | the characteristics of an individual determined by their genes and the enviroment |
| main way of testing if something is genetically inherited | twin study's |
| endocrine system | one of the body's major information systems which instructs glands to release hormones into the blood stream |
| the normal resting state of the autonomous nervous sysytem | parasympathetic |
| the physiologically aroused state of the autonomous nervous system | sympathetic state |
| fight or flight response | an animals response to stressful situations. the body becomes physiollogically aroused ready to fight the danger or run away |
| central nervous system | consists of the brain and spinal chord and is the origin of all complex commands and decisions |
| send information to the CNS form the outside world and from the CNS to the muscles and glands in the body | Peripheral nervous system |
| transmits information from receptor cells in the sense organs to the CNS. it also receive info from the CNS that directs muscles to act | Somatic nervous system |
Created by:
Madz99
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