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Chapter 12
Understanding Psychology by Richard A. Kasschau, Ph.D.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| motivation | an internal state that activates behavior and directs it toward a goal |
| instincts | innate tendencies that determine behavior |
| need | biological or psychological requirement of an organism |
| drive | a state of tension produced by a need that motivates an organism toward a goal |
| homeostasis | the tendency of all organisms to correct imbalances and deviations from their normal state |
| incentive | an external stimulus, reinforcer, or reward that motivates behavior |
| extrinsic motivation | engaging in activities that either reduce biological needs or help us obtain external incentives |
| intrinsic motivation | engaging in activities because they are personally rewarding or because they fulfill our beliefs and expectations |
| lateral hypothalamus (LH) | the part of the hypothalamus that produces hunger signals |
| ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) | the part of the hypothalamus that can cause one to stop eating |
| fundamental needs | biological drives that must be satisfied to maintain life |
| psychological needs | the urge to belong and to give and receive love, and the urge to acquire esteem |
| self-actualization needs | the pursuit of knowledge and beauty or whatever else is required for the realization of one's unique potential |
| emotion | a set of complex reactions to stimuli involving subjective feelings, physiological arousal, and observable behavior |
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