Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Epidemiology Quiz 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Primary Prevention | Prevention of the occurrence of the disease. |
| Secondary Prevention | Early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease. |
| Tertiary Prevention | Treatment and rehabilitation to maximize capabilities. |
| Prevention - Population-based approach | A preventative measure is applied widely to an entire population, must be relatively inexpensive and noninvasive. |
| Prevention - High-risk approach | Targets high risk groups with preventative measure. May be more expensive and is often more invasive or inconvenient than population-based approaches. |
| Modes of Transmission | Direct - person to person by means of direct contact. Indirect - occurs through a common vehicle such as contaminated air or water supplies, or by a vector such as a mosquito. |
| Epidemiologic triad of disease | Host - example: a person Agent - example: a bacterium Environment - example: contaminated water supply |
| Clinical Disease | characterized by signs and symptoms |
| Preclinical disease | Not yet clinically apparent, but is destined to progress to clinical disease |
| Subclinical disease | Not clinically apparent not destined to become clinically apparent. Often diagnosed by serologic response or culture of organism. |
| Persistent (chronic) disease | Person fails to "shake off" infection, and it persists for years/life. |
| Latent disease | Infection with no active multiplication of the agent. |
| Endemic | the habitual presence of a disease within a given geographic area |
| Epidemic | the occurrence in a community or region of a group of illnesses of similar nature, clearly in excess of normal expectancy, and derived from a common source |
| Pandemic | a worldwide epidemic |
| Herd immunity | the resistance of a group of people to an attack by a disease to which a large proportion of the members of the group are immune |
| Incubation period | the interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness |
| Attack rate | (number of people at risk in whom a certain illness develops)/(total number of people at risk) |
| Rate | Tell us how fast a disease is occurring in a population. Proportion that includes a measure of time. |
| Proportions | Tell us what fraction of the population is affected. Numerator is in the denominator. |
| Incidence Rate/Cumulative Incidence | (Number of NEW cases of disease that occur during a specified period of time)/(total population at risk) |
| Incidence Density | (number of NEW cases of a disease over a specified period of time)/(total person-time) |
| Attack Rate | not truly a rate (no time span specified), actually a proportion (number of people exposed who became ill)/(number of people exposed) |
| Prevalence | the number of affected persons present in the population at a specific time/number of persons in the population at that time. I.E. What what proportion of the population is affected by the disease at the time. |
| Point prevalence/Prevalence | # of cases at time of study/# of people in defined population |
| Period prevalence | (# of existing cases at start of period + new cases added during study period)/ # of people in defined population |
| Incidence x duration of disease (in steady state) | Prevalence |
| Crude mortality rate | (# of deaths during a specified time period) /(# of persons in the population during time period) |
| age-specific mortality rate | # of deaths in given age group during a time period/# of individuals in specified age group |
| case-fatality rates (percent) | # of deaths from given disease/# of individuals with the disease |
| cause-specific mortality | # of deaths from a given disease during a time period/# of live individuals in population during time period |
| Infant mortality rate | # of deaths of children < 1 yr old/# of live births in same year |
| Proportionate mortality RATE | # of deaths from a particular cause in time period/total number of deaths during that time |
| Proportionate mortality RATIO | proportion of deaths of specific cause in exposed popn/proportion of deaths of specified cause in unexposed pop |
| Abortion rate | # of abortions/# of women 15-44 years of age |
| Abortion ratio | # of abortions/# of live births |
| Standardized rates | Alternative to Crude Rate when a summary rate is needed for comparison between two populations |
| Standard Mortality Ratio (SMR) | observed deaths/expected deaths x 100 (expressed as a %) |
| Proportional Mortality Ratio (PMR) | proportion of deaths from a specific cause relative to all deaths in a population (e.g. deaths in Washington from cancer vs. deaths in all of US from cancer) |
| Descriptive studies | Descriptive epidemiology presents the general characteristics of the distribution of a disease (person/place/time) |
| Analytic studies | Analytic studies test a specific hypothesis to determine whether factor influences risk of a disease |
| Birth defects | # of infants with congenital abnormality/ total live births |
Created by:
aedonev
Popular Miscellaneous sets