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sleep
| Myth: Some people do not dream | Truth: we all dream, we just do not remember them |
| Myth: sleep walkers are acting out their dreams | Truth: sleep walking is initiated in deep stages of NREM. muscles are paralyzed in rem |
| Myth: dreams only last a few seconds | Truth: 30-60 REM periods but no more than 15 minutes of a dream can be recalled |
| Myth: Dreams are black and white | Truth: many dreams report color |
| Myth: Spicy foods produce more dreaming | Truth: no, they cause us to wake up more, thus recalling more dreams |
| Myth: Dreams are prophetic/foretelling | 18,000+ dreams a year come true- we often dream of something we're worried about. |
| When did scientist become interested in dreams? | 1950's |
| Name the three collection places | Lab Home Survey |
| Pros of lab dreams (study) | more dreams limited to REM dreams |
| Cons of lab dreams (study) | bland content more expensive |
| Pros of home dreams (study) | last dream more frequently recalled dreams are longer dreams are more intense |
| Cons of home dreams (study) | Fewer dreams Not always REM |
| Which dreams are briefer and more like thinking rather than story telling? | NREM |
| Dreams usually contain: | characters and dreamer |
| Female dreams include? | Familiarity and romance indoor settings |
| Male dreams include? | -strangers and conquest -cars and weapons |
| Who studied children's dreams in 1982? | Foulkes for 5 years |
| dreams in ages 3 &4 were... | single sentenced included animals recalled only 27% REM |
| dreams in ages 5-7 included | animals characters few dreams with self 31% REM recall |
| dreams in ages 7-9 included | mostly family fewer animals |
| dreams in ages 11-13 | -REM recall 66% -fewer dreams with mother -home less of setting |
| Freud's psychoanalytic theory (1900) concluded: | dreams having meaning and purpose |
| repression: | uncomfortable thought hidden from consciousness |
| dreams are an expression of unconscious desire | Freud |
| Manifest content: | apparent content; what dreamer reports |
| Latent content: | hidden content; true psychological meaning of dreams |
| Dreamwork: | Manifest content transformed into latent |
| Condensation: | Many images merged into one |
| Displacement: | latent thought transformed into manifest image |
| Jungs Theory | personal unconscious-similar to Freud |
| Collective unconscious: | dim memory of humanity's ancestral past |
| Jungs Archetypes: | didn't see dreams as hidden secrets-helpful and creative viewed dreams more positively |
| Jungs amplification: | -dreamer & analyst could contribute associations and analogies to better understand dreams -more like literary analysis than scientific |
| Hobson-McCarley (1977) thought | dreams neither have meaning or purpose-wishes do not cause dreams- brainstems do |
| Hobson-McCarley-Activation synthesis theory: | dreams are what we create to explain random brain activity |
| Click & Mitchinson (1983) Reserve learning theory: | REM sleep rids mind of garbage Consolidates memory |
| Who thought dreams have a purpose but no meaning? | Click and Mitchinson |
| Cognitive Theory |
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